<£-}=<[:¤:]>={-3> a concise tridialectal A R A B I C w o r d l i s t <£-}=<[:¤:]>={-3> - Compiled and edited by Sami Paldanius, freelance scholar 2008-2014 - E = Dialect of (originally) the Cairo area and Nile Delta, Egypt S = An abstraction standard of the Levantine dialects from Syria to Jordan Ir. = Iraqi Dialect (urban) Lit. = Literary Standard Arabic (Lit-st. = literary, i.e. elevated style) coll. = collective noun subj = subject of the sentence obj = object of the sentence vt = transitive verb (can describe the subject doing st to st else) vi = intransitive verb (describes the condition of the subject itself) vn = verbal noun ap = active participle pp = passive participle ip = inactive participle (can only point to the subject; in passive Forms) ~: -- :~ ENGLISH - ARABIC ~: -- :~ abandon ... (v perf) hajar (E *hagar; Ir. hijar) : impf. yihjir, yuhjur; vn ..... hajr (hagr; hajir) abbreviation ... (n, m) ixtiSaar : pl. -aat aboard: All -! ... (eq: imprt pl) S yaLLa Tla9u. yaLLa rkabu. Ir. Si9bu. abortion ... (n, m: med.) taTriiH : pl. -aat about, concerning ... (prep) 9an (9ann-); (esp. Ir.) 9ala, 9al - in S one ..... may occasionally see the appropriate bi-impf. of /9aalaj/ ("it dealt ..... with") as a substitute about to, be ... (id) E (v perf) 'arrab (II.) : impf. yi'arrab ........... S/Ir. (phr) kaan 9ala washak (+ bare impf.) - Ir. also /chaan ..... da-(impf.)/ when the action has already started, e.g. /chaan ..... da-yiTla9/ he was about to leave = he was heading for the door (after ..... probably already gathering his stuff) ........... (past only: was -) E gaa ("he was coming"; + impf.) ........... S kaan raH (+ impf.) above ... (prep) E foo'; S fooq, fawq; Ir. foog (Ir. adv /bis-saabiq/ = ..... above, i.e. in preceding text) abroad ... (phr) E (stat-ry) fi bilaad barra; (movement to) li - ........... S (stat-ry) barraat @l-blaad, bil-xaarij, fi blaad ajnabiyyeh; ..... (movement to) 9a-l-xaarij ........... Ir. (stat-ry) bil-xaarij; (movement to) lil-xaarij absence: in the - of ... (prep phr) S b-gheebt-[pn suff] absolutely ... (adv) S miyyeh bil-miyyeh; qaT9an (always /q/); tamaaman ........... Ir. qaT9an, qaT9iyyan abstract ... (adj) E ma9nawi; S mujarrad absurdity ... (n, f) E mufaaraqa : pl. mufaaraqaat accent, stress ... (n: gram.) S nabra (f); Ir. ta'kiid (m) accommodate ... (vt perf) !awwa (II.) : impf. !yi'awwi (< Lit.) ........... S axad : impf. yaaxod; vn axd; (to house) aawa : impf. yi'aawi ........... Ir. (v phr) hayya' (impf. yihayyi') makaan l-; 9ind-[pn suff] ..... makaan l- accommodation ... (n, m) !iiwaa' (< Lit.); E/Ir. iqaama (f); S sakan (m) accomplice ... (n, m) E shiriik (f, shiriika) : pl. shuraka (f, shirikaat) according to ... (prep) S/Ir. Hasab accurate ... (adj) daqiiq (E da'ii', di''i) - E /gheer maZbuuT/ inaccurate accursed ... (adj) E la9iin (f, -a, pl. lu9ana) across, over ... (prep) E/S foo(q) min ........... S qaaTe9 - often used is vt /qaTa9 (yiqTa9; qaT9)/ to go across ........... Ir. 9ibir, b-Soob il-laax (min) acting, act ... (n, m) tamsiil (Ir. tamthiil) - vn of /massal (E massil, Ir. ..... maththal)/ he acted, played; he represented; he made a comparison of; ..... id Ir. /mitlabbis (f. *-a)/ = in the act, redhanded active ... (adj) 9aamil (f. E 9amla) ........... Ir. also fa99aal = enterprising, busy activity ... (n, m) nashaaT; ("going-on") Haraka (f) - S/Ir. (pl) /a9maal ..... ijtimaa9iyya/ social activity (activities) Acts of the Apostles ... (pr n) E il-ibraksiis actual ... (adj) E (real) fi9li; Ir. (real) Haqiiqi, fi9li, (proper) aSli actually ... (adv) fi9lan ........... S also: 9an SaHiiH; 9an Haqa ........... Ir. also: Sudug; SaHiiH A.D. ... (phr) ba9d il-miilaad; Ir. miilaadi adaptation, version ... (n, f) S m@stawHaayeh address ... (n, m) 9unwaan, 9inwaan : pl. 9anaawiin (E 9anawiin) adjective ... (n, f) Sifa : pl. Sifaat admiration ... (n, m) S/Ir. i9jaab admire ... (v phr) S/Ir. kaan mu9jab b- adult ... (n, m) S/Ir. kabiir (dial. Ir. chibiir) : pl. kbaar adventure ... (n, f) mughaamara (E short. mughamra) : pl. mughaamaraat adverb ... (n, m: gram.) Zarf (Ir. DHaruf) : pl. Zuruuf, Zuruufa (DHuruuf) aesthetic ... (adj) E gamaali afford ... (eq) E *9and-[pn] ma'dira; kaan mu'tadir - /ma 9andiish ma'dira./ ..... I can't afford it. ........... S phrasal /maa byiTla9 b-iidi asht@ri haada./ or /maaddiiti maa ..... btismaH-li asht@ri haada./ = I can't afford that. ........... Ir. (v perf) tmakkan (V.) : impf. yitmakkan; vn tamakkun - in E ..... this verb means "to be enabled or manage to gain superior position" afternoon ... (eq) E il-9aSr (def n, m), (late -) il-9aSriyya (def n, f) ........... E/S ba9d iD-DuHr (also "in the -") ........... Ir. 9aSriyya (f) : pl. 9aSriyyaat - but /ba9d iDH-DHuhur, wara ..... DH-DHuHur/ in the afternoon; /il-9aSir/ this afternoon again ... (adv) E taani ........... S uses the verbs /radd (yirudd)/ and /9aad (yi9iid)/ (Pal. ..... /9aawad/, III.) "he did st again" besides the occasional adv like ..... /marra taanyeh/ - note also the phrases /kamaan marra/ "yet again" and ..... /marra ba9@d marra/ "again and again, over and over again" ........... Ir. marra lux ago ... (prep eq) E min; S qabl (min); Ir. gabuL - Ir. /gabuL mudda/ a while ........... ago agree: I/etc. agree. ... (id phr) S/Ir. muttafiq. ; (use v) ittafaq, ttifaq ..... (VIII.) : impf. yittifiq; vn ittifaaq agriculture ... (n, f) ziraa9a - adj /ziraa9i (f. -yya, -yyeh)/ agricultural aid ... see /help/ air-conditioning ... (n, m) E takyiif hawa ........... S takyiif; (popular) kondishoon airport ... (n, m) maTaar : pl. -aat airs, mannerisms ... (sg, m) takalluf - rel-d E adj /mutakallif/ pretentious alarm clock ... (n, m) E/Ir. munabbih : pl. -aat - /unSub il-munabbih ..... 9a-s-saa9a sitta./ Set the alarm for six. ........... S saa9a mnabbeh (*f) : pl. saa9aat @mnabbeh alcohol ... (n, m) kuHuul alcoholic ... 1: (adj) kuHuuli ........... 2: (n, m) E xamurgi : pl. xamurgiyya; sikkiir, sakkiir : pl. ..... sikkiira ........... S mudmin 9a-l-xamr ........... Ir. xammaar : pl. -a alibi ... (n, m) S 9uzr : pl. a9zaar - for related material, see /excuse/ allergic ... (adj) Hassaasi - note the rel-d phrase is a possession phrase ..... in E/S: E /9andi Hasasiyya Dudd.../, S /9indi Hassaasiyyeh min.../ = I ..... am allergic to... (lit. "I have sensitivity against [E] / from [S]") allergy ... (n, f) Hassaasiyya (E Hasasiyya) almost, nearly ... (adv) taqriiban (E/local S ta'riiban) ........... (- about to) see /about to, be/ ........... (of close calls) illa shwayya (Ir.) alone ... (adv) waaHid (Ir. waHid) - /waHd-i, -ak/ by myself, yourself, etc. aloud ... (adv) bi SooT 9aali - S /qraa-ha b-SooT 9aali!/ read it out loud! alphabet ... (n, f) abjadiyya (E abgadiyya) ........... Ir. aliif baa, aliif bee, alifbaa (*m) alphabetical ... (adj) E abgadi, higaa'i; S abjadi; Ir. Hasab il-aliif bee also ... E kamaan, barDu, ayDan; S kazaalik, kamaan; Ir. (w-)hammeen, ayDHan although ... (conj) E ma9-inn, wa-law, win; S ma9-inn(o); Ir. wa-law always ... (adv) daayman (Ir. daa'iman) - /saaley/ in E Sa9idi dialect; Ir. ..... also /doom/, which can take a pn suffix (/doomha triid itjaadil./ She ..... always wants to argue.) amateur; fan ... (n, m) S/Ir. haawi : pl. huwaat ambition ... (n, m) E/Ir. TumuuH amiable ... (adj) E/Ir. Habbuub ammunition ... (n, f) S zaxiireh (Ir. dhaxiira); Ir. (#1) 9itaad (m) amount ... (n, m: sum) mablagh : pl. mabaaligh - E possibly also "quantity" ........... (quantity) kammiyya (E var. kimmiyya; f) : pl. kammiyyaat - of = ..... /min/ ........... E also: mu'daar, mi'daar (Ir. mugdaar, migdaar) : pl. ma'adiir ..... (mugdaaraat) analogy ... (n, m) E/S qiyaas : pl. -aat - /q/ retained across dialects ........... Ir. tamaathul; tashaabuh anarchist ... (adj/m, m) fawDawi (Ir. DH pro D) : f. fawDawiyya, mpl. ..... fawDawiyyiin anarchy ... (n, f) fawDa (Ir. fawDHa) angel ... (n, m) malak, malaak : pl. malaa'ika (S m@laaykeh) animal ... (n) Haywaan, E Hayawaan : pl. -aat - (m) /9aalam il-Haywaan/ the ..... animal kingdom annoying ... (adj) muz9ij (E muz9ig; actually ap of /az9aj, az9ag/, IV.) answer ... (n, f) E igaaba : pl. igaabaat, agwiba; Ir. jawaab : pl. ajwiba ........... (v perf) jaawab (E gaawib; III.) : impf. yijaawib (yigaawib); vn ..... mujaawaba (migawba) - st = /9ala/ antibiotics ... (sg, m) E/S muDaad Hayawi anxiously ... (adv) S 9ala Naar; Ir. b-ishtiyaaq any ... (before n) ayy@, ay : f. ayya anymore: not - ... (eq) E ma-9ad-sh (1 sg ma-9udt-ish 'I don't ... anymore') ........... S maa 9aad (inflects) - neg impt /laa 9aad/ don't ... anymore! any more; still ... (adv) ba9d (Ir. ba9ad) : takes pn suffix anyone ... E Hadd, Haddi : /Hadd nagabak?/ Did anybody ask you(r view)? ........... S Hada, Hayyalla (waaHid) ........... Ir. aHHad (when emphasized: ay waaHid), ay shaxiS anything ... (pn cpment) E (ayy@) Haaga (f); S/Ir. (ay) shii (m) anyway, in any case ... (phr, eq) 9ala kull Haal (S also: kiif-ma kaan) apartment ... (n, f) S shaqqa (Ir. shiqqa) : pl. shaqqaat (shiqaq) - S /9am ..... udawwir 9ala shaqqa./ I'm looking for an apartment. [S prog pres, 9am ..... + impf. (bare or with the /bi-/ prefix)] apology ... (n, m) i9tizaar (Ir. dh pro z) : pl. -aat apostle ... (n, m) S rasuul : pl. rusul, risol - adj /rasuuli/ Apostolic apparently, it seems ... E baayin; S mbayyin heek; Ir. baayin 9al-[pn suff], ..... ashu, athaari ("it turns out", invar.) - in S also /@Z-Zaaher inno.../ ..... It seems that... appearance, looks ... (n) E shakl, shikl (m); ta'aTii9 (il-wishsh) (facial; ..... fpl); ma9aalim (fpl) ........... S hee'a, hay'a (f); maZhar (m) : pl. maZaaher; (good looks) ..... Halaaweh (f) ........... Ir. maDHhar (m); shikil (m); malaamiH (fpl) - S /@l-maZaaher ..... bitghurr./ Ir. /l-maDHaahir xaddaa9a./ Appearances are deceiving. Ir. ..... /shloon shikla?/ What does he look like? applaud ... (v perf) Saffaq (E Saffa'; Ir. Saffag) : impf. yiSaffiq (etc.); ..... vn taSfiiq "applause" (Ir. also tSuffug) appointment, date ... (n, m) maw9id : pl. mawaa9iid appropriate ... (adj) munaasib aquatic ... (adj) maa'i (f. maa'iyya, E ma'iyya, pl. maa'iyyiin) Arabic ... (adj) 9arabi (f. 9arabiyya, pl. 9arab) ........... (n, m: language) 9arabi (il- when with prep), (= Class. or Lit. ..... -) il-9arabiyya (f); il-fuSHa (f) Aramaic ... (adj) aaraami (E *araami) ........... (n, m: language) aaraami (takes il- with a prep); il-lugha ..... l-aaraamiyya (f) archaeologist ... (n, m) 9aalim aasaar (Ir. th pro s) : pl. 9ulama aasaar ..... (9ulamaa' aathaar) - E also /9aalim Hafriyyaat/ ........... Ir. also aathaari (f, -yya) : pl. -yyiin (f, aathaariyyaat) archaeology ... (n, m) 9ilm il-asaar (Ir. 9ilm il-aathaar) - (pl, f) ..... /Hafriyyaat/ excavations architecture ... (n, m) E *il-fann il-mi9maari (< Lit.) ........... S handasa (f), handast @l-bina (f) ........... Ir. handasa (mi9maariyya) armpit ... (n) baaT : pl. -aat around ... (prep) E daa'ir min-daar (S daayir/deer min-daar; Ir. daayir) ........... Hawaali, Hawaalee, Hawaal (Hawalee-; for Lit. Hawl) ........... S /b-han-nawaaHi/ around here, in these parts; around there ..... (place of topic) arrest, detain ... (v perf) E 'abaD : impf. yi'baD - sb = /9ala/ ........... S waqqaf (II.) : impf. yiwaqqef; vn tawqiif - direct object ........... Ir. qubaDH : impf. yuqbuDH; vn qabuDH - sb = /9ala/ arrested (held) ... (pp/adj) S/Ir. muwaqqaf (= E *ma'buuD) arrive ... (v perf) wiSil (Ir. wuSal) : impf. yiwSal (S/Ir. yuuSal, yooSal); ..... vn wuSuul "arrival" arrogance ... (n) E Salaafa (f), Salaf (m); 9anTaZa (f); ghaTrasa (f); ..... 'alaaTa (f) ........... S takabbur (m) ........... Ir. kibriyaa' (m) arrogant ... (adj) E 9anTuuz (f. -a, pl. 9anaTiiZ); 'iliT, 'aliiT; mighaTras ..... - intr. verb /itSaalif : yitSaalif/ (VI.) "to behave arrogantly" ........... Ir. mit9ajrif - /t9ajraf/ (4-rad. Form B) "he was arrogant" art ... (n, m) fann : pl. funuun artificial ... (adj) E Sinaa9i ........... S/Ir. (i)STinaa9i (E "put on, feigned, fake"!) as ... (prep: essive) Ir. ka-; S mitl (Ir. mithl) - Ir. /sta9mal sitirta ..... ka-mxadda./ He used his coat as a pillow. S /mit@l-ma biquul ..... @l-matal.../ As the proverb says... ; /9ala 9ilmi/ as far as I know ........... (of manner) see /according to/ ........... (temporal) see /while/ as a matter of fact ... (phr) S/Ir. bil-Haqiiqa; bil-waaqi9 as long as ... S qadd-maa; (provided that) b-/9ala sharT; maa-daam; bass ........... Ir. shgadd-ma; madaam, maa-daam; b-sharT as soon as ... (conj phr) E awwil-ma; S/Ir. awwal-ma (= Ir. Haal-ma) as such ... (phr) S b-Hadd zaat-[pn suff]; Ir. b-Hadd dhaat-[pn suff] as usual ... (adv) Has(a)b il-9aada; S mitl @l-9aadeh ashtray ... (n, f) E Taffaaya : pl. Taffayaat ........... S SaHn siigaara (m) : pl. SHuunet siigaara ........... Ir. Tabla (f); nuffaaDHa (f) ask ... (v perf: - a question) sa'al (Ir. si'al) : impf. yis'al; imprt m E ..... is'al (S s'aal; f. is'ali, S s'ali); vn su'aal ........... (request) Talab (Ir. Tilab) : impf. yuTlub; vn Talab (Ir. Talub) ........... Ir. #2 trajja (V.) : impf. yitrajja; vn tarajji - takes an ..... indirect object with /min/ : /atrajja minnak itsawwii-li zeeniyya./ ..... I'd ask you to do me a favour. ........... Ir. #3 rija : impf. yirju; vn rija, rajaa' - /arjuuk!/ Please! ........... (inquire) Ir. nishad : impf. yinshid; vn nashid ask for trouble ... (v phr) S 9arraD Haal-[pn suff] la-mashaakel aspiration ... (n, *m) Ir. maraam : pl. -aat - adj > n /wuSuuli/ overly ..... ambitious or aspiring person asshole ... (eq, derog) E Surm id-diik ass-kisser ... (eq) !mutazallif ("bootlicker, sycophant", < Lit.) - related ..... v perf /(i)tzallaf/ (V.) "he fawned, (has) curried favour" assortment, variety ... (n, f) E taSniifa : pl. taSnifaat, taSaniif ........... Ir. tashkiila : pl. tashkiilaat assume, presume ... (v perf) S (i)9taqad : impf. yi9t@qid; vn i9tiqaad ........... Ir. twaqqa9 (V.) : impf. yitwaqqa9; vn tawaqqu9 asthma ... (n, m) rabu (rabw) ........... (popular) Ir. tanag nifas, tanganafas astonishment ... (n) E indihaash (m), bahlala (f); S/Ir. dahsha (rel-d to ..... adjectives /mud'hish/ "astonishing" and /mad'huush/ "astonished") astronomical ... (adj) falaki - also used as the (m) noun "astronomer" astronomy ... (n, m) 9ilm il-falak at all ... (eq) abadan, bil-maRRa ........... E also: 9ala l-iTlaaq, iTlaaqan ........... S also: b-noob - S /maa byinfa9 abadan./ It wouldn't help (i.e. ...... benefit) at all. At ease! ... (intj, mil.) E Safa! atheism ... (n, m) ilHaad atheist ... (n, m) mulHid : pl. -iin attach ... (v perf) Ir. shakkal (II.) : impf. yshakkil; vn tashkiil - see ..... also /fasten/ attack ... (vi perf: rush, charge) hajam (E hagam; Ir. hijam) : impf. yihjim ..... (etc.); vn hujuum (E hagamaan) "an attack, storming" - to, at = /9ala/ ........... (vt perf: assault) haajam (E haagim; III.) : impf. yihaajim ..... (etc.); vn muhaajama (E mihagma) attempt, try ... (v perf) Haawal, E Haawil (III.) : impf. yiHaawil; vn ..... muHaawala (E muHawla) autumn ... (n) xariif available (on the market) ... (adj) S/Ir. mityassir, Lit-st. mutayassir - ap ..... of Form V. verb /(i)tyassar (impf. yityassar)/ "be (become) available ..... or easy to find" avenge: take revenge ... (vi perf) (i)ntaqam (E ' pro q; VII.) : impf. ..... yintiqim; vn intiqaam - for = /l-/; on, upon = /min/ away from ... (prep) 9an (9ann-) - /bi9iid 9an/ far from, a long way from axiom, obvious fact ... (n, f) Ir. badiihiyya : pl. badiihiyyaat Babylon ... (pr n) baabil - adj/n /baabili/ Babylonian; a Babylonian back ... (n, m: body part) Dahr (Ir. DHahar) : pl. Duhuur (DHuhuur) background ... (n, f) E (personal) xalfiyya ........... S (personal) MaaDi (f); (in an ornament) aRDiyyeh (f) ........... Ir. (personal) xibra (f); (ornamental) gaa9iyya (f) backpack ... (n, f) E shanTit Dahr (S shanTet Zahr) bad ... (eq-s) E (commonest) wiHish (f. wiHsha, pl. wiHshiin); (wicked, ..... depraved) baTTaal (also adv, "badly") ........... S radi (pl. irdiyeh, ardiya, radaaya); baTTaal; (lousy) sayye; ..... (of poor quality) 9aaTel; bashi9; (unfortunate) mash'uum - adv /sayye/ ..... badly ........... Ir. baTTaal; muu zeen (f. muu zeena); (affecting neg-ly) sayyi ..... (f. sayyi'a); (poor, weak) radii'; (as noun) sheen - /ma9a l-asaf/ ..... Too bad (that...) baffling ... (adj) E mi9a'rab; Ir. muHayyir - E /raagil mi9a'rab/ a complex ..... man, a deep type balance ... (n, m) miizaan : pl. mawaaziin (Ir. myaaziin) baloney: It sounds like -. ... (prov eq) Ir. maaku zambuur yixra 9asal. ..... ("There is no wasp to excrete honey.") baptism ... (n, m) 9imaad (E Chr. ma9mudiyya, f) baptize ... (v perf) 9ammad, E 9ammid (II.) : impf. yi9ammid; vn ta9miid - ..... pass. /(i)t9ammad : yit9ammad/ (V.) "to be -d" barbaric ... (adj) waHshi (Syr. S also /barbari/ = E "gibberish"!) barbarism ... (n, f) S/Ir. barbariyya (S also waHshiyyeh, tawaHHush) barely ... (adv) E (hardly, just -) yadoob ........... S doob-[pn suff]; bil-kaad; (with great effort) biz-zoor ........... Ir. (of being) duub, yaaduub; (of doing) bil-kaad; msaHsal barracks ... (pl, f) E sakanaat (Ir. thakanaat, sg. thakana) ........... E also 'ushlaa' (a group of -; m) : pl. -aat (several groups) base ... (v perf) E assis (II.) : impf. yi'assis; vn ta'siis ........... S pp + prep /mabni 9ala/ based on = Ir. /binaa'an 9ala/ ........... Ir. (- an estimate) bina : impf. yibni; vn binaa' - on = /9ala/ ........... Ir. (- operations) sawwa (impf. ysawwi) markaz basics ... (pl, f) awwaliyyaat (in Ir. means primarily "filed records"); S ..... also /mabaadi/ (fpl) - see also /fundamental/ basis ... (n, m) asaas : pl. usus - E /binaa'an 9ala/, /min waa'i9/ on the - ..... of; S /9ala asaas inno/ on the basis that; S/Ir. /9ala hal-asaas/ on ..... this basis bath, -room ... (n, m) Hammaam : pl. -aat B.C. ... (phr) qabl il-miilaad (E, *'abl -) be able, can ... (v perf) qidir (E 'idir; Ir. gidar) : impf. yiqdar (yi'dar; ..... yigdar) - id Ir. /b-imkaan-[pn suff]/ "in one's power/capability" be alive ... (eq) simply use a predicate adj: Hayy (f. Hayya, pl. *Hayyiin) be bored, fed up ... (vi perf) mall : impf. yimill; vn malal - with, due to ..... = /min/ ........... E also itsa'am : impf. yitsi'im; ap mitsi'im be born ... (v perf) (i)nwalad (VII.) : impf. yinwilid ........... E itwalad (E t-refl.) : impf. yitwilid be dead tired ... (eq) S kaan manhuuk lil-aaxiir; kaan mayyet @mn @t-ta9ab ........... Ir. kaan ta9baan tamaaman; ndhibaH (VII.) : impf. yindhibeH be forgotten ... (v perf) E itnasa (E t-refl.) : impf. yitnisi ........... S/Ir. (i)nnisa (VII.) : impf. *yinnisi, *yinnasi; vn *innisaa' be late ... (v perf) (i)t'axxar (V.) : impf. yit'axxar; ap mit'axx/ar, -ir be on time, get in time ... (v perf + prep) E *liHi' : impf. yilHa' - motion ..... prep omitted as often is in E; note also phr /fil-ma9aad/ on time ........... Ir. laHHag (impf. ylaHHag) b- (or 9ala) ........... S: /ba9d ma9na wa(q)t/ we still have time; /waSal ba9d 9ala ..... wa(q)t/ he arrived in time be spent ... (v perf: of money) (i)nSaraf (VII.) : impf. yinSirif ........... (of time) E it'aDDa : impf. yit'aDDa; ip mit'aDDi; vn ta'aDDi be taught ... (vi perf) (i)t9all/am, -im (V.) : impf. yit9allim ........... Ir. also (i)tqarra (V. < #q-r-') : impf. yitqarra be worthwhile, pay off ... (v perf) S Haraz : impf. yiHrez, abstract btiHrez ..... (ext: btiHrez @l-ghalabeh) ........... Ir. siwa : impf. yiswa, abstract tiswa (ext: t. dooxt ir-raas) beach ... (n, *m) E/S shaaTi' : pl. shawaaTi'; Ir. balaaj (m) : pl. -aat beat it (out of my sight)! ... (intj) E ib9id (9anni)! ghuur (9anni)! - as a ..... phrase: /ma tughrub min wishshi!/ beautifully ... (adv) S b-shakl Halu because ... (conj) E 9ashaan, 9alashaan; li'inn (may take pn suff); (since) ..... aSl-[pn suff], Hees ........... S la'inn (often + pn suff); b-Hees, b-Hais (inn); (given that) ..... minshaan; (since, as) 'add, *qadd ........... Ir. la'in, li'ann-[pn suff] become ... (v perf) Saar : impf. yiSuur - common in impersonal use: /Saar/ ..... "it befell that, it has become X; X began doing st" (+ impf.) ........... (esp. - st) E ba'a : impf. yib'a - /mush 9awzinha tib'a ..... mumassila./ They don't want her to become an actress. bed ... (n, m) E siriir : pl. saraayir ........... S taxt : pl. tuxuuteh; farsheh (f) : pl. farshaat ........... Ir. fraash : pl. furish Bedouin ... (adj/n) badawi (f. *badawiyya) : pl. badu before ... (prep: in front of / facing) quddaam / qibaal (E 'uddaam / ..... 'ubaal, 'uSaad; Ir. giddaam / gbaaL, muqaabil) ........... (temp adv/prep) qabl (E 'abl; Ir. gabuL, gabL) ........... (conj) E 'abl [subject] ma [verb]; S (q)ab@l ma; Ir. ......... gabuL-ma beforehand ... (adv) E mu'addaman; S min qabl, qabl @b-waqt; Ir. li-giddaam beg (for money) ... (v perf) shaHat : impf. yishHat - derived form II. ..... shaHHat = E "he gave to a beggar" ........... Ir. gadda, jadda : impf. ygaddi, yjaddi; vn gidya, jidya beggar ... (n, m) shaHHaat (S shiHHaad; E syn. saa'il) : pl. *-a ........... Ir. mgaddi, mjaddi : pl. mgaadi, mjaadi beginner ... (n, m) mubtadi' : pl. -iin - ap of /ibtada/; see /start/ beginning ... (n, f) bidaaya behalf: on - of ... (prep phr) bin-niyaaba 9an behave, conduct oneself ... (v perf) (i)tSarraf (V.) : impf. yitSarraf; vn ..... taSarruf "behaviour" ........... S also salak : impf. yusluk; vn sluuk - often with /ma9 @n-naas/ ........... (- politely) S/Ir. t'addab (V.) : impf. yit'addab; vn ta'addub - ..... rel-d Form II. pp /mu'addab/ "well-mannered, well brought up" behind; in the trail of ... (prep) wara (waraa-); S also xalf, (b-)qafa - ..... Ir. /waaHid wara l-laax/ one after the other belch ... (n, f) E takrii9a believe ... (v perf) Saddaq (E Sadda'; Ir. Saddag) : impf. yiSaddiq (etc.) ........... S/Ir. (i)9taqad (VIII.) : impf. yi9t(i)qid; vn i9tiqaad belong ... (anal gen ptcl: be sb's) E bitaa9 (f. bitaa9it, pl. butuu9) ........... S taba9(-), tab9- (invar.); Ir. maal (invar.) ........... (v perf: be owned by) S xaSS : impf. yixuSS; Ir. 9aad : y9uud ........... (should go to) Ir. xaSS : impf. yxuSS belt ... (n, m) E/Ir. Hizaam : pl. Hizim ........... S qshaaT : pl. qishT; Zunnaar (Z@nnaar) : pl. Zananiir bench ... (n, f) E dikka : pl. dikak ........... Ir. maSTaba : pl. maSTabaat, maSaaTib benefit, avail ... (v perf) S/Ir. faad : impf. yifiid; vn faayde (Ir. ..... faa'ida) - S /maa fii faayde/, Ir. /ma-aku muujib/ there is no point beside, next to ... (prep) jamb (E gamb); Ir. yamm best ... (eq-s) aHsan; afDal; (as noun) xeer - S /b-aHsan @l-iHtimaalaat/, ..... Ir. /mahma ykuun/ (f subj: mahma tkuun) at best ........... (adv: most) S aHsan shii; Ir. azyad shii Bethlehem ... (pr n, m) beet laHm betray, double-cross ... (v perf) xaan : impf. yixuun; vn xiyaana between; among ... (prep) E been (ben-hum '- them'); S been (been-aat-) bicycle ... (n, f) E 9agala : pl. 9agalaat ........... E biskilitta (S biskleet; Ir. paaysikil) big, large ... (adj) kabiir (f. kabiira, pl. kubaar) big idea: What's the -? ... (eq) S shuu ma9naata? ........... Ir. sh' fikrak? (to f., sh' fikrik?) binoculars ... (n, m) S naaDuur (Ir. naaDHuur) : pl. nawaDiir (nuwaaDHiir) ........... Ir. also darbiin, doorbiin : pl. -aat biology ... (n, f) S byoloojya - adj /byolooji/ biological ........... Ir. 9ilm il-aHyaa' (m) bird ... (n, m) S/Ir. Teer : pl. Tyuur; E 9aSfoora (f) : pl. *9aSforaat birthday ... (n, m) 9iid miilaad (E, - milaad) - Ir. /taariix il-wilaada/ ..... date of birth bit of, a ... (eq) E shwayyit (st cstr of /shwayya/) + n ........... S/Ir. nitfat (S var. natfat) + n bitch, slut ... (n, f: derog) E mamHuuna ("[sexually] tried") ........... Ir. maDHruuTa black ... (adj) aswad (E iswid) : f. sooda (Leb. S sauda), pl. suud blackboard ... (n, f) E/Ir. Sabbuura : pl. Sabbuuraat blame ... (v perf) S/Ir. laam : impf. yiluum; vn loom "blaming, blame" bless ... (v perf) baarak (III.) : impf. yibaarik; vn mubaaraka - the person ..... obj may appear given with the prep /fi/ (e.g. in /aLLa ybaarik fiik!/, ..... Ir. /baarak aLLaah fiik!/) blessing ... (n, f) baraka : pl. barakaat - Ir. /ruuH bil-baraka./ Go with ..... my blessing. blood ... (n, m) damm - adj /damawi/ pertaining to blood; bloody; pan-dial. ..... /id-damm ma biSiir mayy./ = Blood is thicker than water. ; Ir. /bala ..... raHma/ in cold blood blood type ... (n, m) E Sanf id-damm; S fiit @d-damm (f); Ir. noo9 damm blow one's nose ... (v perf) (i)tmaxxaT (V.) : impf. yitmaxxaT; vn tamaxxuT ........... Ir. muxaT : impf. yumxuT; vn maxiT blue ... (adj) azraq (E azra'; Ir. azrag) : f. zarqa (zar'a; zarga), pl. ..... zurq (zur'; zurug) Bon voyage! ... (eq) riHla sa9iida! safra sa9iida! Boo! ... (intj) E bixx! book ... (n, m) kitaab : pl. kutub - S /l-@ktaab bi9aalej 9ilm @l-xaTT./ The ..... book deals with calligraphy. bookstore ... (n, f) maktaba (S maktabeh) : pl. makaatib, maktabaat booze ... see /liquor/ bored, fed up ... (adj) E zam'aan - ap of vi /zimi' : yizma'/ to be bored boredom ... (n, m) E/S malal; Ir. DHuwaaja (f); DHooj (m) - see also /be ..... bored/ boring ... (adj) E/S mumill : f. mumilla, pl. mumilliin - E adj /sa'maan/ ..... fed up, bored; S nm /naashif/ a boring person ........... Ir. DHawajaan; *muDHawwij borrow ... (v perf) E istalaf (VIII.) : impf. yistilif; vn *istilaaf ........... E (check out books) ista9aar : impf. yisti9iir; ap musta9iir; pp ..... musta9aar; vn ista9aara ........... S (i)sta9aar : impf. yist9iir - from = /min/ ........... Ir. tdaayan (VI.) : impf. yitdaayan, yiddaayan; vn *tadaayun ........... Ir. #2 istadaan (X.) : impf. *yistadiin ........... (get a loan or advance) Ir. stilaf (VIII.) : impf. yistilif both ... E il-itneen; S @ttneen, @ttnayn; Ir. (i)th-thineen bra ... (n, m) suutyaan (E sutyaan, sintiyaan; orig. < Fr.) : pl. -aat ........... S SiDriyyeh (f) : pl. *SiDriyyaat ........... Ir. (#1) zixma (E zuxma = "tawse"!) : pl. zixam, zixmaat braggart ... (n, m) Ir. barraam : pl. -a; sheelmanchi : pl. -yya brake, hit the brakes ... (v perf) E farmil (4-rad.) : impf. yifarmil; vn ..... farmala (= nf "brake" [E/S], pl. faraamil) break, get broken ... (vi perf: go into pieces) (i)nkasar : impf. yinkisir ..... (S yin@kser); vn inkisaar ........... (machine) S 9@Tel : impf. yi9Tal; ap 9aTlaan ........... Ir. xirab : impf. yixrab; vn xaraab ........... (cord etc.) (i)nqaTa9 (Ir. ngiTa9) : impf. yinq(i)Te9 (yingiTi9) breakfast ... (n, *m) fuTuur (= Ir. #1 riyuug) breast ... (n, m: udder) E/S bizz : pl. bizaaz ........... Ir. nahid : pl. nhuud; dees : pl. dyuus breathe ... (v perf) (i)tnaffas (V.) : impf. yitnaffas; vn tanaffus bribe ... (n, f) E/Ir. rashwa (S rishweh) : pl. rashwaat (rishwaat) ........... S also barTiil (m) : pl. baraTiil ........... (v perf) barTal (4-rad.) : impf. yibarT/al, -el; vn barTala bring ... (v perf) jaab (E gaab; 1 pl. jibna) : impf. yijiib (yigiib); vn ..... jeeb (geeb), S also jayabaan; has in E also imprt:s haat, haati, pl. ..... pl. haatu "bring!" broadcast, transmit ... (v perf) E arsal (IV.) : impf. yirsil; ap mursil; pp ..... mursal; vn irsaal ......... S zaa9 : impf. yizii9; (fig.) nashar : impf. yinsh/ar, -or ......... Ir. dhaa9 : impf. ydhii9; vn idhaa9a bronchitis ... (n, f) E nazla sha9biyya brother ... (n, m) E axx : pl. ixwaat - in Sa9idi dialect, sg. /xay/ : du. ..... /xayyeen/ ......... S/Ir. ax : pl. ixwaan, uxwaan, Ir. uxwa (uxwat-, uxuut-) browse, look around ... (v perf) (i)tfarraj (V.; E g pro j) : impf. ..... yitfarraj; vn tafarruj - towards, at = /9ala/ Buddhism ... (n, f) S @l-buuziyyeh Buddhist ... (adj/n) E booDi, buuDi; S buuzi budget ... (n, f) miizaaniyya (E mizaniyya; st cstr S miizaaniit-) build ... (v perf) 9ammar (II.) : impf. S yi9ammer (Ir. y9ammur); vn ta9miir ......... S also bana (Ir. bina) : impf. yibni; ap baani; pp mibni; imprt ..... m/f bnii, ibni (pl. bnuu, ibnu); vn binaa' building ... (n, f) binaaya : pl. binaayaat ......... 9imaara (S also 9amaar, m) : pl. 9imaaraat (9amaaraat) bully ... (n, m: tough guy) E shamaHTi, shamaHtagi : pl. -yya ......... (thug; school bully) E balTagi : pl. -yya bumpy, rough ... (adj) E waa9ir (S wa9ir) ......... Ir. b- (kull-[pn suff]) TaSSaat buoy ... (n, f) S 9awwaameh : pl. 9awwaamaat - cf. Ir. adj /9aayim/ afloat bureau ... (n, f) Ir. daa'ira : pl. dawaa'ir burial ... (n, f) E/Ir. dafna : pl. dafnaat ......... S dafn (Ir. dafin; m) bury ... (v perf) dafan (Ir. difan) : impf. yidfin; vn dafn (Ir. dafin) bus ... (n) baaS (Ir. paaS) : pl. baaSaat (paaSaat) - S /mawqef @l-baaS/ the ..... bus stop; Ir. (f) /qiT9at il-paaSaat/ the bus terminal business ... (financial structure: n, f) tijaara (E tigaara); ish-shughl ........... (personal affair: n, m) shughl - S /laa tiddaaxal @b-shughl ........... gheerak./ Don't meddle in other people's business. S /haada (Ir. ..... haadha) muu shughl-i (-ak, -ik)./ That's none of my (your) business. ..... Ir. /aani maa-lii kaar./ It's none of my concern. ........... (a matter at hand: n, f) shaghla; mas'ala busy ... (adj) mashghuul : pl. mashghuuliin ........... (in a hurry) mista9jil (E mista9gil) but ... (conj) laakin; (= "but instead") bass; (- in that case) E ummaal buy ... (v perf) ishtara (VIII.) : impf. yishtiri; ap mishtiri, shaari; vn ..... shira (E shiraaya) - pass. /inshara : yinshari/ (E also /itshara/); ..... Ir. /ashtiriiha 9al-imraawaa'./ I'll buy it once I see it. ("upon ..... being shown") buyer ... (n, m) E shaari; mushtari buzzer ... (n, m) S/Ir. jaraS by the way ... (eq phr) 9ala fikra; (incidentally, E) bil-munasba calculable ... (adj) E *'aabil lil-Hasb; S !ma9duud (< Lit.) - Ir. ..... /ma-il[a]-[pn suff] Hsaab/ innumerable calendar ... (n, m) taqwiim (E ta'wiim) : pl. taqaawiim (ta'awiim) ........... S (#1) (and Ir. #2) ruznaama (f) : pl. ruznaamaat call ... (v perf: name) samma (II.) : impf. yisammi; ap misammi; vn tasmiyya ........... (contact) see /phone/ can ... 1: (n, f: tin) 9ilba (S 9ulbeh) : pl. 9ilab (9ulab) - related adj ..... /mu9allab/ "canned; packaged", also nominal in fpl /mu9allabaat/ ..... "canned goods" ........... Ir. quuTiyya : pl. qwaaTi; ("keg") piip (*m) : pl. pyaap(a) ........... 2: (v perf: be able) qidir (E 'idir; Ir. gidar) : impf. yiqdar ..... (yi'dar; yigdar) - also used of language skill ........... in S often expressed with /fi-/ (+ subject as pn suff) ........... (know how to) 9irif (Ir. 9iraf) : impf. yi9raf (Ir. yu9ruf) ........... ("Is it OK if..?") mumkin; (Ir. also) ySiir cancel ... (v perf) lagha (Ir. algha) : impf. yilghi candle ... (n, f) sham9a : pl. shmuu9 (Ir. alt./E sham9aat) : coll. sham9 car ... (n, f) E 9arabiyya : pl. 9arabiyyaat ........... S/Ir. sayyaara : pl. sayyaaraat caravan ... (n, f) qaafila (E 'aafila, 'afla) : pl. qawaafil (also E var.) carelessly ... (adv) Ir. bala 9inaaya cargo ... (n, m) S shaHn (= Ir. shaHna, f) : pl. -aat ........... Ir. also Humuula (f) : pl. Humuulaat carry, bear ... (v perf) E/Ir. shaal : impf. yishiil; vn sheel ........... S/Ir. Hamal (Ir. Himal) : impf. yiHmil; vn Haml (Hamil) cash: in cash ... (phr) E/Ir. naqdi (E na'di), naqdan; S naqdan, na'dan catch ... (v perf: - hold of) E la'af (Ir. ligaf) : impf. yul'uf (yulguf); ..... vn la'f (laguf), la'afaan ........... (- attention, eye) E istal/fat, -fit (X.) : impf. yistalfit; ap ..... mistalfit, mustalfit; Ir. lifat (impf. yilfit) naDHar-[pn suff] ........... Ir. (v phr) lifat (impf. yilfit) naDHar-[pn suff] ........... (- animal game) Saad : impf. yiSiid; vn Seed - Ir. /Saad simach/ ..... = E /iStaad/ (*VIII.) "he was fishing, he caught fish" catch up with ... (v perf) E laHa' : impf. yilHa' ........... E also nihiD : impf. yinhaD; vn nuhuuD, nahDa ........... S *sabaq, saba' : impf. *yusbuq, yusbu' ........... Ir. laHHag (II.) : impf. yilaHHig cause ... (vt perf) sabbab (II.) : impf. yisabbib; ap misabbib; vn tasbiib ........... (generate, also) Ir. wallad : impf. ywallid; vn *tawliid cease ... (v perf) baTTal (II.) : impf. yibaTTil celebrate ... (v perf) (i)Htafal (VIII.) : impf. yiHtifil; vn iHtifaal celestial ... (adj) samaawi cell phone ... (n, m) E maHmuul; S moobiil cemetery ... (n, f) E gabbaana : pl. *gabbanaat; madfan (m) : pl. madaafin ........... S/Ir. maqbara (f) : pl. maqaabir - S also /jabbaaneh/ (f) central ... (adj) S markazi; (concept etc.) ra'iisi ........... Ir. waSaTi, waSTaani; markazi; (leading) ra'iisi - /b-maHall ..... waSaTi/ "at a central location" = centrally located; /ik-kursi ..... il-waSTaaniyya/ the middle chair, the chair in the middle century ... (n, m) qarn : pl. quruun - a pandialectally surviving /q/ chair ... (n, f) kursi : du. kursiyeen : pl. karaasi change ... (vi perf: become different) (i)tghayyar (V.) : impf. yitghayyar ........... Ir. also tbaddal : impf. yitbaddil - person, phone number, etc. ........... (vt perf) ghayyar (II.) : impf. yighayy/ar, -ir; vn taghyiir ........... baddal, E baddil (II.) : impf. yibadd/al, -il; vn tabdiil channel, TV - ... (n, f) S/Ir. maHaTTa : pl. maHaTTaat chant ... (v perf) E anshad (IV.) : impf. *yinshid; ap munshid; vn inshaad ........... S addan (Ir. dhdh pro dd) : impf. yi'adden; vn ta'diin - in Ir. ..... typically /wadhdhan (impf. ywadhdhin)/ chaos ... (n, f) E meegha - rel-d adj /maayigh/ chaotic, in disarray ........... S fawDa (Ir. fawDHa) - adj /fawDawi/ of chaos; chaotic character ... (n) S (nature) Tab9 (m; = Ir. xuluq); (fictional) shaxSiyyeh ..... (f) : pl. shaxSiyyaat; (letter) ramz (Ir. ramiz; m) : pl. r(u)muuz chat ... (v perf) E dardish (4-rad.) : impf. yidardish; vn dardasha ........... Ir. soolaf (4-rad., #s-w-l-f) : impf. ysoolif; vn tsoolif cheap, inexpensive ... (adj) rixiiS (S raxiiS); f. rixiiSa, pl. ruxaaS - ..... elat. (reg.) arxaS "cheaper, cheapest" check-up ... (n, m) faHS (Ir. faHiS) : pl. fuHuuS - /fuHuuS Tibbiyya/ ..... medical tests = /taHliilaat/ (Ir.) cheek ... (n, f) E wagna : pl. waganaat, wagnaat ........... S/Ir. xadd (m) : pl. xuduud Cheer up! ... (id) E ifrid 'urtak! (to f, *ifridi 'urtik!) ........... Ir. tshajja9! (to f, *tshajja9i!) child ... (n, m) (small) Tifl (Ir. Tifil) : pl. aTfaal ........... Ir. (#1) jaahil : pl. jihaal, jahhaal, juhhaal ........... (older) walad : pl. awlaad, S var. uulaad childish ... (adj) S mwaldan (but as predicate adj, /waldaneh/, m/f) ........... Ir. za9TuuT, Sibyaani (as predicate adj, /maz9aTa/, m/f) chocolate(s) ... (coll sg) E shukulaata (S T pro t; = Ir. chukleet, m) choir ... (n, f) S jooqa, jawqa (f) : pl. jooqaat - Leb. S also /jawq/ (m) ........... Ir. kooras : pl. koorasaat (in Ir., Class. /jawqa/ is survived ..... by nm /jooq/ "band, orchestra", inheriting the pl. /ajwaaq/) Christmas ... (n, *m) E (common) kirismas; (prop.) 9iid il-milaad ........... S/Ir. 9iid il-miilaad (popular Ir. krismis) church ... (n, f) kaniisa, kiniisa (S kniiseh) : pl. kanaayis (S knaayis) ........... (denomination) Taa'ifa (E Tayfa) : pl. Tawaa'if, Tawaayif circumstances ... (pl, f) S (@Z-)Zruuf (Ir. DH pro Z) city ... (n, f) madiina : pl. mudun - /tmaddan/ "it became urbanized" (Ir.) city centre ... (n, m) E wusT il-balad (var. wuST -); Ir. nuSS il-wlaaya civilian ... (adj/n) madani (f. madaniyya, mpl. madaniyyiin) ........... (= domestic) ahli (f. ahliyya, mpl. ahliyyiin) civilization ... (n, f) HaDaara (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. HaDaaraat ........... Ir. also madaniyya : pl. madaniyyaat civilized ... (adj) E/Ir. mitmaddin; S (@)mmaddan claim, argue ... (v perf) (i)dda9a : impf. yiddi9i; vn iddi9aa' class(room) ... (n, m) S/Ir. Saff : pl. Sufuuf - Lit. Hujrat ad-diraasa climb ... (v perf) E/S Tili9 : impf. yiTla9; Ir. Si9ad : impf. yiS9ad clitoris ... (n, m: anat.) E baZr (= Lit.) : pl. buZuur close ... (vt perf: shut) E 'afal (Ir. cog. qufal "he locked"): impf. ..... yi'fil; vn 'afl, 'afalaan - pass. /it'afal = in'afal (impf. yit'ifil, ..... yin'ifil)/ "to be closed (down)" ........... S sakkar : impf. yisakker; vn *t@skiir - in E this means "to ..... sweeten" or "to become sugarlike" ........... Ir. (#1) sadd : impf. ysidd; vn sadd ........... Ir. (#2) dahha : impf. ydahhi; vn *(i)tdihhi, *(i)ddihhi ........... (- for access) S sadd : impf. yisidd; sakkar : impf. yisakker ........... Ir. ghilag : impf. yughlug; pp (reg-ly) maghluug closely ... (adv) S/Ir. b-diqqa clothes ... (pl, f) E/Ir. huduum, malaabis; S malbuusaat, libaas cloud ... (n, m) gheem, ghaym : pl. ghuyuum ........... (coll., -s) E saHaab, siHaab (Lit. also fsg. saHaaba) coat hanger ... (n, f) E 9allaa'a ........... S 9alleeqa, 9alleeqet awaa9i (Ir. 9illaaga) ........... S also ta9liiqa (Ir. ti9laaga) cockroach ... (n, m) SarSuur (var-s: E SurSaar; Ir. SurSur) : pl. SaraaSiir ..... (E SaraSiir; Ir. var. SaraaSir) coin ... (n, f) S qiT9et 9umleh : pl. qiTa9 9umleh; (change) firaaTa (fpl) ........... Ir. 9umla : pl. 9umlaat; (small change) xurda (fsg) colleague ... (n, m) zamiil (E zimiil) : pl. zumala, zumalaa' colour ... (n, m) loon : pl. alwaan - S/Ir. /mulawwan/ colour(ed), with -s coma ... (n, f) E ghaybuuba comb ... (n, m) E mishT (S mushT; Ir. mishiT) : pl. amshaaT (Ir. mshaaT) ........... (v perf) mashshaT (II.) : impf. yimashshiT; vn tamshiiT (Ir. ..... also tmishshiT) combat sports ... (sg, m) !il-9aab in-nizaal (< Lit.) combination, mix ... (n, m) E xaliiT (= Ir. xaLTa, f) come; show up ... (v perf, irreg) E gaa (3 pl. gum) : impf. yiigi; ap gaay ..... (f. gaaya, pl. gayiin); vn migiyy@, gayya; (pandialectal) imprt ..... ta9aal(-a)! ta9-a! (f. -i! pl. -u!) - tends to take direct object even ..... with motion towards: /gaani./ = /gaali./ "He came to me." ........... S ija, aja (3 pl. iju, aju) : impf. yiji; ap jaay; vn jayyeh - ..... /faat./ Come in. ........... Ir. jaa (3 pl. #ijaw) : impf. yiji; vn majii', jayya - commonly ..... with a direct object even in case of moving towards; id /bass 9aad..!/ ..... Come now..! Really! (You're not serious.) ........... (vt: emerge as st) S Tili9 (Ir. Tila9) : impf. yiT9al; vn Tal9a ..... (Ir. also Tluu9) come to one's senses ... (v phr) Ir. SiHa (impf. yiSHa) 9ala nafs-[pn suff] ........... Ir. #2 ntibah (impf. yintibih) 9ala nafs-[pn suff] comedy ... (n, f) ruwaaya hazaliyya comfort, console ... (v perf) 9azza (II.) : impf. yi9azzi; vn ta9ziya - in E ..... holds additional meaning "to pay one's condolences" ........... E/S also waasa (III.) : impf. yiwaasi; ap miwaasi, muwaasi; vn ..... muwasaah comic book ... (n, f) E *magalla hazliyya : pl. magallaat hazliyya comma ... (n, f) S faaSleh : pl. fawaaSel ........... Ir. faariza : pl. fawaariz commander, leader ... (n, m) E/Ir. qaa'id : pl. quwwaad (E also qaada) comment; -ary ... (n, m) ta9liiq (E ta9lii') : pl. -aat (S also ta9aliiq) commercial ... (adj) tijaari (E tigaari) ........... (n, f: TV -) S di9aayeh (Ir. di9aaya "propaganda; advertising") ..... : pl. di9aayaat common, general ... (adj) shaayi9 - Ir. /l-ma9ruuf 9an/ it is c. knowledge communicate ... (v perf: make contact) ittaSal (E T pro t; Ir. (i)ttiSal; ..... VIII.) : impf. yittiSil; vn ittiSaal - with = /b-/ ........... (get st across to sb) S/Ir. fahham : impf. yifahhim; vn tafhiim ........... (understand each other) itfaah/im, -am (VI.) : impf. yitfaah/im, ..... -am communication(s) ... (pl, f) S/Ir. muwaaSalaat Communion, Eucharist ... (n, m) qurbaan : pl. qaraabiin - E also /tanaawul/ community ... (n, f) S baldeh : pl. blaad; Ir. wlaaya : pl. wlaayaat company ... (n, f: of people) muraafaqa (E short. *muraf'a) ........... (firm) shirka (E shirki; Ir. sharika) : pl. sharikaat comparable to ... (adj + prep) E mumaasil li- (S m@maasel la-; Ir. mumaathil ..... l-/b-); (equal to) E mu9aadil li- (S m9aadel la-) comparison ... (n, f) muqaarana (E short *mu'arna) - /bil-m./ in comparison complaint ... (n, f) shakwa : pl. shakaawi; (legal also) da9wa : pl. da9aawi complete, perfect ... (adj) kaamil - Ir. /muu kaamil/, /naagiS/ incomplete completely ... (adv) E 9ala t-tamaam, bit-tamaam; xaaliS ........... S tamaam, tamaaman; bil-kulliyyeh ........... Ir. bil-marra; fadd marra; tamaaman complicated ... (adj) mu9aqqad complication ... (n, m: medical -) ixtilaaT : pl. -aat composer ... (n, m) mulaHHin : pl. -iin compulsory ... (adj) ilzaami (S/Ir. also ijbaari) computer ... (n, m) E/S kumbyuutar, kumbuuter : pl. -aat ........... S also Haasuub : pl. Hawaasiib concept, idea ... (n, f) S fikra : pl. afkaar; mafhuum (m) : pl. mafahiim concussion ... (n, m) E irtigaag : pl. -aat; S ihtizaaz : pl. -aat condition ... (n: state) Haal (m) / Haala (f, S Haaleh) : pl. aHwaal / ..... Haalaat ........... (circumstance) Zarf (m, Ir DH pro Z) : pl. Zuruuf ........... (term) sharT (m, Ir. shariT) : pl. shuruuT - c. /9ala sharT@ ..... inn-/ on the condition that, provided that conditional ... (adj: gram.) S shaRTi condom ... (n, m) E kaboot, kabuut; S @l-waaqi; Ir. lastiik isti9maal conduct ... (n, f) mu9aamala (E short. *mu9amla) confession ... (n, m: Chr.) i9tiraaf - vn of /i9taraf : yi9tirif/ (VIII.) confide in ... (v perf) Ir. naaja : impf. ynaaji (takes a direct object) confidential ... (adj) S maktuum; Ir. sirri confirm ... (v perf) S akkad (vn ta'kiid); sabbat; saadaq (vn msaadaqa) 9ala ........... Ir. ayyad (vn ta'yiid, t'iyyid); akkad (vn ta'kiid, t'ikkid) confusion ... (n, f) E rabka ........... S xaRbaTa; laxbaTa; (aftermath) (@l-)haraj w(il)-maraj ........... Ir. (i)rtibaak (m); (aftermath) xabSa (f) congregation ... (n) E sha9b (m) : pl. shu9uub; S Taayfeh (f) : pl. Tawaayif conjugation ... (n, m) S taSriif : pl. -aat, taSariif conjunction ... (n, m) S Har@f 9aTf : pl. Huruuf 9aTf conquer ... (v perf) E/Ir. fataH (Ir. fitaH) : impf. yiftaH; vn fatH (Ir. ..... fatiH) "(act of) conquering, conquest" ........... S stawla (impf. yistawli) 9ala conqueror ... (n, m) S/Ir. faatiH : pl. faatHiin ........... S also ghaazi : pl. ghizaat consultation ... (n, f) mudaawala (E short. mudawla) ........... Ir. (#1) shoor (m); stishaara (f) contain ... (v perf) Hawa (Ir. Huwa), Hiwi : impf. yiHwi; ap Haawi; vn Hawi ........... E/Ir. also (i)Htawa (VIII.) : impf. yiHtiwi; ap miHtiwi; vn ..... iHtiwaa' - in Ir. the object comes indirectly with /9ala/ contents ... (pl, f) muHtawayaat continent ... (n, f) qaarra (E qarra) : pl. qaarraat - no E q > ' in this ..... word sec. Hinds&Badawi 1986 continue, extend ... (vi perf) E istamarr : impf. yistamirr; ap mustamirr; ..... vn istimraar contraception ... (n, m) maani9 il-Haml - fpl /(il-)Habbaat/ the pills contradiction ... (n, m) E/S tanaaquD (Ir. DH pro D) - rel-d verbs: trans. ..... /naaqiD : yinaaqiD/ to contradict; intr. /itnaaqiD : yitnaaqiD/ to be ..... contradictory to another thing (given with /wiyya/; ip /mitnaaqiD/) controls, the ... (pl, f) E/S !adawaat it-taHakkum (< Lit.) ........... Ir. aalaat il-qiyaada conversation ... (n, f) E/Ir. mukaalama : pl. mukaalamaat ........... S Haadis (*m) ........... E also Hiwaar (m) : pl. -aat; muHawra (f; = Ir. muHaawara) cooperation ... (n, m) S/Ir. ta9aawun - vi perf /(i)t9aawan/ (VI.) he helped ..... another (each other), he cooperated (use prep /wiyya/ + pn suff for ..... "with me, you", etc.) coral ... (n, m) Ir. marjaal corpse ... (n, f) S jisseh (Ir. jiththa) : pl. jisas (jithath) ........... S also jiifeh (Ir. jiifa "carrion") : pl. jiyaf correspondent ... (n, m) muraasil : pl. -iin corridor ... (n, m/f) mamsha : pl. mamaashi; mamarr (m) : pl. -aat ........... S also koridoor : pl. -aat ........... Ir. also dihliiz : pl. dahaaliiz; mjaaz : pl. -aat corset ... (n, *f) koorseeh : pl. koorse(e)yaat ........... E/Ir. mishadd, mashadd (m) : pl. -aat cosmetics ... (n) E tagmiil (msg) ........... S adawaat ghandara, adawaat tajmiil (fpl) ........... Ir. masaaHiiq (fpl) cosmic ... (adj) kooni, kawni cost ... (v perf) kallaf, E kallif (II.) : impf. yikallif; vn takliif "cost, ..... expenses" ........... SLP also impf. byiswa (f. btiswa), cognate of Ir. yiswa (tiswa) ..... "it would be worth st" could be, might be ... (phr) E iHtimaal + impf. of kaan ........... Ir. yjuuz (+ "to be" omitted); yimkin (+ ") count ... (vt perf) 9add : impf. yi9idd; vn 9add (= Ir. ti9daad) ........... Ir. also Hisab : impf. yiHsib; vn Hsaab coward ... (n, m) jabaan (E gabaan) : pl. jubanaa' (gubanaa') ........... Ir. also xaniith, mxannath (root #x-n-th "make like a woman") craving for ... (ap + prep) E xarmaan 9ala (~ v perf /itmaHHan/ "he held an ..... anxious longing", V.) - cf. Ir. /maHruug bass ariid/ "I'm dying ..... (itching) to" creature ... (n, m) maxluuq : pl. -aat crime ... (n, f) E ginaaya (Ir. jinaaya "felony") : pl. *ginayaat ........... jariima (E g pro j) : pl. jaraayim, jaraa'im - S abstract (crime ..... as a whole) /@l-@jraam/ criminal ... (adj) jinaa'i (E ginaa'i; igraami) ........... (n, m) mujrim (E mugrim) : pl. -iin ........... E (leg.) also gaani : pl. gunaah crisis ... (n, f) azma : pl. azamaat, azmaat criticism ... (n, m) E naqd, na'd (Ir. naqid); S/Ir. (i)ntiqaad criticize ... (vt perf) intaqad (VIII., Ir. ntiqad) : impf. yintiqid ........... E alt. naqad : impf. yunqud; vn naqd, na'd ........... S alt. naddad (II.) : impf. y@nadded; vn *tandiid ........... Ir. #2 9ayyab (= E "find fault with") : impf. y9ayyib crow ... (n, m) E ghuraab (= S "raven") : pl. ghirbaan ........... S qaaq : pl. qiiqaan ........... Ir. (bicoloured) ghraab : pl. ghirbaan; (black) zaagh : pl. -aat crowded ... (adj) E malyaan naas; S ma9juuq; Ir. muzdaHim culture ... (n, f) saqaafa (so also in E) - the Ir. cognate /thaqaafa/ means ..... "being cultured, education"; though adj /thaqaafi/ is still "cultural" ........... Ir. HaDHaara : pl. HaDHaaraat cupboard ... (n) E dulaab [dwl:b] : pl. dawaliib cure ... (n: treatment) E 9ilaag (m); S shifa (f); Ir. chaara (f), duwa (m; ..... see /medicine/) ........... (v perf) 9aalaj, 9alaj (E g pro j) : impf. yi9aal/aj, -ij; vn ..... mu9aalaja (E *mu9alga) ........... Ir. Tayyab (II.) : impf. yTayyab; vn TTiyyib (< Class. *taTyiib- ..... [cf. taTyiir < Tayyar]) curfew ... (n, m) E HaZr it-tagawwul; Ir. mani9 tajawwul curious ... (adj) S fuDuuli (= Ir. "meddlesome"!); Ir. muHibb lil-istiTlaa9 curiosity ... (n, m) E Hubb il-istiTlaa9; Ir. Hubb istiTlaa9 ........... (article of interest) Ir. ghariib : pl. gharaayib currency ... (n, f) 9umla (f) : pl. 9umlaat ........... Ir. naqid (Class./Lit. naqd "money, cash") : pl. nuquud current, present ... (adj) S/Ir. jaari; Haali; (latest) aaxir (n follows) curse, swear ... (v perf) sabb : impf. yisibb; vn sabb customer ... (n, m) E zibuun : pl. zabaayin ........... S/Ir. zabuun : pl. zbunaat (S), zabaayin (Ir.) ........... Ir. (#1) ma9miil : ma9aamiil customs duty ... (n, f) E Dariiba (S Dariibeh) : pl. Daraa'ib (E /di, ma ..... 9alehaash Dariiba./ No customs duty [is required] for this.) cut ... (v perf) qaSS (E 'aSS; Ir. gaSS) : impf. yiquSS (etc.); pp maqSuuS; ..... vn qaSS ........... E also 'aTa9 : impf. yi'Ta9 - "- into many pieces": use /'aTTa9/ Damn it! ... (eq intj) Ir. wuja9! (i)nzuul! dance ... (n, f) raqSa (E ra'Sa; Ir. rigSa) : pl. raqSaat (etc.) ........... (v perf) raqaS (E ra'aS; Ir. rigaS) : impf. yurquS (yur'uS; ..... yurguS); vn raqS (Ir. raguS, also rigiS) dangerous ... (adj) muxTir (E also xaTiir; S also xiTer) dark: It's -. ... S @d-dinya 9atmeh. - Lit-st. /iZlamm/ (IX.) it got dark : ..... E /id-dinya Dilmet./ ; S /Saar 9it@m./ ; Ir. /DHallam(e)t id-dinya./ darkness ... (n, m) E Dalaam (Ir. DHalaam), Dalma (f); S 9itmeh, 9atmeh (f) David ... (pr n, m) daawuud (E dawuud) day ... (n, m) yoom (Leb. S yaum) : pl. ayyaam, iyyaam - S /b-hal-iyyaam ..... hayy/ any day now day after tomorrow, the ... (adv) ba9d@ bukra; Ir. 9ugBa day before yesterday, the ... (adv) awwalt-imbaariH ........... awwal ams (Ir. awwal amis) daydreamer ... (n, m) E sarraaH : pl. *-a; Ir. sarHi : pl. -yya daylight: It's -. ... id-dinya Duwiyya. (Ir. (i)d-dinya DHwiyya.) dear to ... (adj + prep) 9aziiz 9ala decide ... (v perf) qarrar (II.) : impf. yiqarrir; ap muqarrir; pp muqarrar; ..... vn taqriir - the /q/ survives across dialects ........... S also (i)9tamad : impf. yi9tmid - /9ala shuu 9tamadt?/ What did ..... you decide on? decision ... (n, m) qaraar : pl. -aat; Hukm : pl. aHkaam declaration ... (n, m: announcement) Ir. i9laan; ish'haar dedicate ... (v perf: e.g. a life) E/S karras : impf. yikarras; vn takriis ........... (e.g. a book) E/S ahda : impf. yihdi; ap muhdi, mihdi; vn ihdaa' defence ... (n, m) difaa9 - adj /difaa9i/ defensive definitely ... (adv) S Hatman; qaT9an (always /q/); min kill bidd deliberately ... (adv) qaSDan, 'aSDan ........... Ir. 9an 9amid; 9amdan; 9an qaSid demand ... (v perf) Talab (Ir. Tilab) : impf. yuTlub; vn Talab (Ir. Talub) demonstration ... (n, f: rally) muZaahara (E short. *muZahra) ........... (practical -) E bayaan (m) : pl. -aat ........... S 9aRD (m) : pl. 9uruuD ........... Ir. *truwwi (vn < raawa); ibraaz (m) department store ... (n, m) maHall@ tijaari, maHall @tjaari (E - tugaari) ........... S also: maHall @l-munawwa9aat departure ... (n, m) raHiil; (Ir. #1) safar depend on ... (v phr: be contingent on) (i)twaqqaf (impf. yitwaqqaf) 9ala - ..... E ' pro q; S /btitwaqqaf./ It depends. depressed ... (adj) S mfastek, maghmuum, maqmuuT; Ir. ka'iib, Haziin describe ... (v perf) waSaf : impf. yiwSaf (E), yuuSaf, yooSaf (S/Ir.); vn ..... waSf - also used pandialectally for "prescribe (a medicine)" description ... (n, m) waSf (Ir. waSuf) : pl. awSaaf desert ... (n, f) SaHra : pl. SaHaari, SaHaara - adj /SaHraawi/ ........... S also baadyeh : pl. bawaadi ........... Ir. also Hamaad (*poet.) deserve ... (v perf) istaHaqq : impf. yistaHiqq; pp mustaHaqq; vn istiHqaaq ........... Ir. also staahal : impf. yistaahil design ... (s, m) E/Ir. taSmiim : pl. -aat (Ir. taSaamiim) despair ... (n, m) E ya's (Ir. ya'as, ya'is) desperate ... (adj) E/S ya'saan; S/Ir. yaa'is destiny ... (n, m) E mi'addar, mu'addar : pl. -aat; Ir. qadar : pl. aqdaar detail ... (n, m) tafSiil : pl. -aat, tafaaSiil - /bit-tafSiil/ in detail device ... (n, m) S/Ir. jihaaz : pl. ajhi/ze, -za - S /jihaaz vidyoo/ a VCR ........... (method, way) Ir. tadbiir : pl. tadaabiir; xiTTa (f) : pl. xiTaT devote ... (v perf) S/Ir. karras : impf. yikarris; xaSSaS : impf. yixaSSiS - ..... S /mxaSSaS la-/ devoted to diagnosis ... (n, m) tashxiiS - vn of /shaxxaS : yishaxxiS/ "to diagnose" dialect ... (n, f) lahja (E lahga, S lahjeh) : pl. lahjaat (E lahgaat) - Ir. ..... /lahja shadiida/ strong language diarrhoea ... (n, m) is'haal (S isHaal; = Lit. dharab) ........... E also: mashayaan il-baTn dictionary ... (n, m) qaamuus (E qamuus) : pl. qawaamiis (qawamiis) ........... S also mu9jam : pl. ma9aajim die ... (v perf) maat : impf. yimuut; vn moot "dying, death" difference ... (n, m) E far' (pl furuu'); Ir. xtilaaf; fariq (pl furuuq) - S ..... /mish faarqa./ Ir. /maaku fariq./ (eq) It makes no difference. different ... 1: (adj: varied) muxtalif (f. muxtalifa, pl. muxtalifiin) ........... 2: (another) use /gheer/ difficult ... (adj) Sa9b (Ir. Sa9ub) : f. Sa9ba, pl. Sa9biin - /kaan Sa9b@ ..... 9aleeh./ It was difficult for him. ........... E also: 9isir, 9asiir ........... (abstruse, e.g. a problem) E/Ir. 9awiiS diminutive ... (def n, m: gram.) it-taSghiir : pl. -aat dine ... (v perf) (i)t9ashsha (V.) : impf. yit9ashsha; vn ta9ashshi dinner ... (n, m) 9asha : pl. (Ir.) 9ashaayaat, 9ishyaat (for Lit. a9shiya) disagree with (sb) ... (v phr) (i)xtalaf (impf. yixtilif) ma9a (Ir. wiyya) ........... (with one another) S txaalaf (VI.) : impf. yitxaalef disappoint ... (v phr) S xayyab (impf. yixayyeb) amal-[pn suff] ........... Ir. xaab (impf. yxiib) amal-[pn suff] disappointment ... (n, f) xeebat amal : pl. xeebaat amal discount ... (n, m) E taxfiiD : pl. -aat; S xaSm (Ir. xaSum) - Ir. /as9aar ..... munxafDHa/ low prices disease ... (n, m) maraD (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. amraaD - /Saar 9ind-/9and-[pn ..... suff] .../ to get oneself condition X disguised as ... (adj + prep) mitnakkir ka- dish, meal ... (n, f) S/Ir. Tabxa : pl. Tabxaat ........... S also wajbeh (Leb. et al.; "full meal" in E!) : pl. wajbaat ........... Ir. also: loon akil (m) : pl. alwaan akil disposition ... (n, m) S Tab9 (Ir. Tabu9) disregard, ignore ... E (v phr) Sirif (impf. *yuSruf) in-naZar 9an ........... Ir. Himal : impf. yiHmil; Siraf (impf. yuSruf) in-naDHar 9an distance ... (n, f) masaafa : pl. masaafaat - S /min masaafeh/ from a ..... distance; /9ala masaafeh/ in the distance; from a distance ........... bu9d (Ir. bu9ad, bu9ud; m) : pl. ab9aad - /min bi9iid/ from afar distinctive, signature ... (adj) E/S mumayyiz (Ir., "supervisor, overseer"!) distinguish; treat as superior ... (vt perf) mayyaz, E mayyiz : impf. ..... yimayyiz; vn tamyiiz (= Ir.) disturb ... (v perf) S (bother) za9aj : impf. yiz9ij; vn iz9aaj; (meddle ..... with, move) xarbaT (4-rad.) : impf. yixarbaT; vn xarbaTa ........... Ir. (bother) az9aj (IV.) : impf. yiz9ij; vn iz9aaj; shawwash ..... (II.) : impf. yishawwish; vn tashwiish; (meddle with) xarbaT : impf. ..... yixarbuT; vn txurbuT Ditto. ... (eq) S SarHu. dive ... (v perf) E/S ghaTas : impf. yighTis; vn ghaTs "diving" (f. ghaTsa ..... "a dive") do, make ... (v perf) 9amal (S 9imil) : impf. yi9mil (Syr. S ya9mel); vn ..... 9amal - S /9amal @sh-shii l-maZbuuT/ he has done the right thing ........... S also saawa ("he equalled" in E/Ir.; III.) : impf. yisaawi - ..... /shu 9am @tsaawi hoon?/ What are you doing here? /kiif bitsaawi ..... l-marqa?/ How do you make the sauce? ........... Ir. (#1) sawwa (II.) : impf. ysawwi; pp *musawwa; vn taswiya do one's utmost ... (v phr) E 9abba (impf. yi9abbi) guhuud-[pn suff] ........... S 9imil kill jahd-[pn suff]; 9imil kill ma b-istiTaa9t-[pn]; ..... (Syr.) 9imil kill halli byiTla9 b-iid-[pn] ........... Ir. sawwa (impf. ysawwi) kull-ma yiTla9 min iid-[pn suff]; sawwa ..... kull-ma b-istiTaa9t-[pn suff] do well, manage ... (eq) E (v perf) 9imir : impf. yi9mar; vn 9amaraan, ..... 9amaar; nagaH, nigiH : impf. yingaH; vn nagaaH - note also syn. ..... /xayyim/ (II.) he prevailed, reigned ........... S (v phr) (get by) dabbar (impf. yidabber) Haal-[pn suff] (= ..... mashsha Haal-, dabbar raas-); (be well-off) mishi (impf. yimshi; ap ..... maashi) Haal-[pn suff] ........... Ir. (v phr) (get by) dabbar (impf. ydabbur) nafs-/amr-[pn ..... suff]; (handle the situation) Tila9 (impf. yiTla9) min Haqqha [other ..... suffix instead of fsg. /-ha/ (for a general abstract condition) may be ..... inserted when a specific situation of a different gender or number is ..... being referred to] doctor, physician ... (n, m) Tabiib : pl. aTibbaa', aTibba - Ir. /dizz 9ala ..... Tabiib./ He sent for a doctor. ........... E duktoor (Ir. daktoor) : pl. dakatra (dakaatra) document ... (n, f) wasiiqa (Ir. th pro s) : pl. wasaa'iq, wasaayiq domination ... (n, f) SayTara (E sayTara; vn < vt SayTar, sayTar, 4-rad.) - ..... S (with the verb) /mSayTer 9a-l-mawqef./ He has the situation well in ..... hand. ........... (status) !tasalluT (m) door ... (n, m) baab : pl. abwaab downstairs ... (adv) S taHt ("to" = la-taHt) - adj /taHtaani/ ........... Ir. jawwa ("to" = li-jawwa) - Lit. aT-Taabiq al-asfal dragon ... (n, m) Ir. tinniin : pl. tanaaniin dream ... (n, m) Hilm, Hulm (Ir. Hilim) : pl. aHlaam ........... manaam : pl. manaamaat - /manaamaat waHsha/ nightmares drink; smoke (tobacco) ... (v perf) shirib (Ir. shirab) : impf. yishrab; vn ..... shurb (Ir. shurub) drive ... (v perf: - a vehicle) saaq (E saa') : impf. yisuuq (yisuu'); vn ..... siyaaqa (siyaa'a) ........... (make, propel) S dafa9 (Ir. difa9) : impf. yidfa9; vn daf9 (Ir. ..... dafi9) drive st away, chase off ... (vt perf) S qalla9 : impf. yiqalla9; vn taqlii9 ........... Ir. Tirad : impf. yuTrud; bi9ad : impf. yub9ud drive sb crazy ... (v phr) Ir. la99ab (impf. yla99ib) muxx-[pn suff] drought ... (n, m) jafaaf (E gafaaf) - S also /maHl/ (Ir. maHal "dearth, ..... famine; drought") drug ... 1: (n, *m: narcotic) muxaddir : pl. muxaddiraat ........... 2: (n, m: medicine) dawa (Ir. duwa) : pl. adwiya drunkard ... (n, m) sakraan (S sikraan) : pl. sakraaniin ........... E/Ir. also sakkiir, sikkiir : pl. E sikkiira, Ir. sikkiiriin dry ... (adj) naashif, nashfaan; jaaff (E gaff, gaaff); yaabis - intr. verb ..... /nishif : yinshaf/ "to be or become dry" (vn E nashafaan, Ir. nashif); ..... vt perf /nashshaf/ "he dried (st)" dual, in the dual ... (adj/n: gram.) musanna (Ir. muthanna; adj-only ..... thunaa'i ~ E sunaa'i "dual, bipartite; duet") dumb, gullible, stupid ... (adj) E duhull (invar.); Ir. ghabi dummy, ignorant person ... Ir. dilu : pl. dlaawa during ... (prep) S asna; Ir. athnaa', xilaal dusk ... (n, f) E daghsha; dughweesha dust ... (n, f) S ghabra ........... Ir. ghubaar (m); traab (m); 9ajaaj (f. 9ajja "dust storm") dusty ... (adj) S mughbir (Syr. m@ghber) ........... Ir. aghbar (f. ghabra, pl. ghubur); traabi each other ... (recipr phr eq) E ba9Dii-[pl pn suff] ........... S ba9d-na, -kon, -hon ........... Ir. waaHid il-laax; ba9aDH-[pl pn] ba9aDH ear ... (n, m) E widn (S udn; Ir. idhin) : pl. widaan (dainaat; iidhaan) - ..... id /Tamas bi-Haaga ila raas-[pn suff]/ be in st up to one's ears; id ..... E /birbir/ wet behind the ears, "cherry" earlier, before that ... (adv) E 'abl@ kida early ... (adv) E badri; S bakkiir, 9ala bakkiir; Ir. 9ala wakit, min wakit ease up ... (vi perf) S HalHal (4-rad.) : impf. yiHalHel ........... Ir. xaff : impf. yxuff; vn xiffa; qall : impf. yqill; vn qilla Easter ... (pr n, m: Chr.) 9iid il-qiyaama (E, -'iyaama) easy ... (adj) sahl : f. sahla, pl. sahliin (adv /bi-suhuula, S -suhuuleh/) ........... Ir. sahil (also as intj, /sahla!/ That's -!) - /9ala keef-ak!/ ..... Take it easy! ........... Ir. #2 hayyin (elat. ahyan, ahwan) eat ... (v perf) akal, kal : impf. yaakul (S yaakol); imprt. kul, kuli, pl. ..... kulu (S kool, kili, kilu); ap E waakil (S aakil, meekil) "having ..... eaten" (Ir. /... ma-maakil shii/ ... without eating a thing; id /akal ..... masabba/ to take insults) eclipse ... (n, m: lunar) Ir. xusuuf : pl. -aat ........... (solar) E kusuuf ish-shams; Ir. kusuuf : pl. -aat economy, economics ... (n, m) iqtiSaad - adj /iqtiSaadi/ pertaining to - Egyptian ... (adj/n, m) maSri (Ir. miSri) : mpl. maSriyyiin (S also f broken ..... pl. maSaarweh) - E (fpl) /qudamaa' il-maSriyyiin/ the ancient ..... Egyptians elbow ... (n, m) S kuu9 : pl. kwaa9; Ir. 9ikis : pl. 9ukuus election ... (n, m) intixaab : pl. -aat electricity ... (n, f) kahraba, kahrabaa' (m) - adj /kahrabaa'i/ electrical; ..... S /miftaaH @l-kahraba/ the electric switch; Ir. /swiich/ light switch elevator ... (n, *m) E aSanSeer : pl. aSanSeraat ........... S/Ir. miS9ad, maS9ad : pl. maSaa9id emergency ... (adj: compulsory) E iDTiraari, iTTiraari; S also Tawaari ..... (possessor noun as pseudo-adj); Ir. (i)DHTiraari, musta9jal ........... (n, f) E/S Haala iDTiraariyya; Leb. S Taarii' (m); Ir. Taari'a emotional ... (adj) 9aaTifi - adv /9aaTifiyyan/ emotionally (E) empire ... (n, f) S ambaraTooriyyeh (Ir. imBraaTooriyya) employee ... (n, m: white-collar) muwaZZaf (Ir. DH pro Z) : pl. -iin - vi ..... perf E /itwaZZaf/ (V.) he got a (decent) job ........... (other) S mistaxdam : pl. -iin employer ... (n, m) E SaaHib 9amal : pl. *aSHaab 9amal ........... E/S maxduum : pl. *maxaadiim (E *maxadiim) ........... S/Ir. mustaxdim : pl. mustaxdimiin encounter ... (vt perf) Saadaf : impf. yiSaadif; waajah : impf. yiwaajah encyclopedia ... (n, f) S daa'irt ma9aaref : pl. dawaa'er ma9aaref ........... Ir. daa'irat il-ma9aarif : pl. dawaa'ir il-ma9aarif end ... (n, f) nihaaya (S nihaayeh) : pl. nihaayaat ........... (- part) Ir. aaxir (m) : pl. awaaxir ........... (vi perf) E/Ir. intaha (*VII.) : impf. yintihi; vn intihaa' ........... (vt perf: conclude) anha (IV.) : impf. yinhi; vn inhaa' endless ... (adj) S maa-l-[pn suff] aaxer; maa-l-[pn suff] nhaayeh enema ... (n, f) E Hu'na sharagiyya ........... Ir. Huqna : pl. Huqan energy ... (n, f: phys.) S/Ir. Taaqa - always /q/ in all S dialects engine ... (n, f) makiina : pl. makaayin English ... (adj) ingiliizi : f. ingiliiziyya, pl. ingiliiz ........... (n, m: language) ingiliizi (il- when with prep) enjoy ... (v perf) E/Ir. (i)tmatta9 (V.) : impf. yitmatta9; vn tamattu9 - ..... object given with /b-/ ........... E also: itlazziz (impf. yitlazziz) min enough ... (adv) kifaaya (= S kfaayeh, Haajeh) - in Ir. also expressed by ..... using an adj, /kaafi (f. kaafya)/ (after the noun); in S the noun ..... /Haajeh/ is used used as an adv (especially when the reference is to ..... an action that has been going on) enslave ... (v perf) E ista9bid (Ir. sta9bad; X.) : impf. yista9bid; ap ..... mista9bid; vn isti9baad "enslavement" entertainment ... (n, f) S/Ir. tasliya; Ir. muta9 (m) enthusiasm ... (n, m) Hamaas; taHammus - S adj /mitHammes/ enthusiastic entirely ... (adv) tamaaman; kulliyyan; (phys: of one substance) kull-[pn] entrance ... (n, m: door) E/Ir. madxal : pl. madaaxil ........... (entering) duxuul epidemic ... (n, f) E wabaa', waba : pl. awbi'a; 9adwa (f; = S/Ir.) epilepsy ... (n, m) E/Ir. Sara9 - E also /taSannug 9aSabi/ equality ... (n, f) E musawaah; Ir. musaawaat (fpl) equipment ... (pl, f) E mu9iddaat; Ir. tajhiizaat, lawaazim era, age ... (n, m) 9aSr (Ir. 9aSir) : pl. 9uSuur especially ... (adv) xuSuuSan; Ir. la-siyyama; xuSuuSan, xaaSSatan eternal ... (adj) azali; abadi eternity ... (n, m) xuluud Europe ... (pr n, f) urubba (Ir. ooruppa) European ... (adj/n) urubbi (Ir. ooruppi) : mpl. urubbiyyiin (ooruppiyyiin) evacuate ... (v perf) S/Ir. axla (IV.) : impf. yixli; vn ixlaa' "evacuation" ........... S also farragh (II.) : impf. yifarragh; vn *t@friigh even ... (adv) Hatta - S /Hatta ... muu/; Ir. /Hatta ... ma/ not even even though, even if ... (conj) wa-law (also "so what!") - Ir. qq. /9aad l-/ eventually ... (adv) axiiran, bil-axiir (S bil-aaxiir; ittifaaqan) everyone else, the rest ... (pn cpment) il-baqiyya : baqiyyat il- '- of' every other ... (phr) S kill + n dl; Ir. been ... w-... (same n given twice) everything ... (pn cpment) E kull Haaga; S/Ir. kull shii everywhere ... (adv) E/Ir. b(i)-kull makaan; S b-kill qirneh, b-kill maHall exactly, just ... (adv) E/S tamaam excavation ... (n, f) E faHta : pl. faHtaat; S Hafriyyaat (fpl) excellent ... (adj) mumtaaz (Ir. also: badii9; baari9; falla) except ... (prep) E illa; maa 9ada ........... S illa; min 9ada; ma-9ada (ma-9adaa-[pn suff]) ........... Ir. illa; 9ada, ma-9ada; b-istithnaa' except that, were it not that ... (conj) gheer, (S) gheer inn- excessive ... (adj) baahiZ (Ir. baahiDH) - Ir. also /qaBa/ (invar.) excuse, pretense ... (n, m) 9uzr (Ir. 9udhur) : pl. a9zaar (a9dhaar) - rel-d ..... verbs: /it9azzar/ (Ir. dh pro z) "he made excuses, was being ..... difficult; he excused himself"; E /9azar/ "he sympathized with st" ........... also E Higga (Ir. Hijja; f) : pl. Higag (Hijjaat, Hijaj) exist ... (v perf) E itwagad (E t-refl.) : impf. *yitwigid ........... S inwajad (VII.) : impf. yinwijid ........... Ir. wujad : impf. yuujad existence ... (n, m) wujuud (E wuguud) exit ... (n, m) xuruuj (E g pro j) : pl. maxaarij ........... Ir. (only = "door") baab iT-Tal9a : pl. biibaan iT-Tal9a - /baab ..... xuruuj iDHtiraari/ emergency exit expensive ... (adj) ghaali; f. ghaalya (E ghalya), pl. ghaalyiin (ghalyiin) experimental ... (adj) E tagriibi (Ir. tajrubi) expert ... 1: (n, m) xabiir : pl. xubaraa' (E xubara) - Ir. also /9allaama/ ........... 2: (adj) Ir. maahir explain ... (v perf) fassar (II.) : impf. yifass/ar, -ir; vn tafsiir ........... fahham, E fahhim (II.) : impf. yifahhim; vn *tafhiim - takes the ..... person as a direct object due to the semantics ("make understand") explode ... (vi perf) (i)nfajar (E g pro j; Ir. nfijar) : impf. yinfijir; vn ..... infijaar "explosion" ........... (vt perf: cause to -) fajjar (E gg pro jj; II.) : impf. yifajjir; ..... ap/pp mifajjar; vn tafjiir explorer ... (n, m) kashshaaf (in Ir. "a thing that scouts") : pl. !-a ........... Ir. muktashif : pl. -iin ........... Ir. raHHaala ("a great explorer", m) : no pl. known express oneself ... (v phr) S/Ir. 9abbar (yi9abbir) 9an nafs-[pn suff] expression ... (n, m: action) E/Ir. ta9biir : pl. ta9biiraat ........... (singular -) E 9ibaara (f) : pl. 9ibaraat extinct ... (adj) E baa'id; Ir. munqariDH extra, additional ... (adv, adj) zaayid - note also synonymous adverbs, S ..... /zyaada/ and Ir. /9waaza/, stimes used to replace the adj extraordinary ... (adj) E xaariq; S fooq @l-9aadeh; Ir. gheer i9tiyaadi (f. ..... gheer i9tiyaadiyya); (of things) xaariq fable ... (n, f) quSSa xuraafiyya (E 'uSSa -) fact ... (n, f) Haqiiqa (E Ha'ii'a) : pl. Haqaayiq (Ha'aayi') factor, element ... (n, m) E 9unSur : pl. 9anaaSir ........... Ir. 9aamil : pl. 9awaamil failure, fiasco ... (n, m) S/Ir. fashal - vn of intrans. /fashal (yifshal)/ fair ... (adj) (just) 9aadil (Ir. mu9tadil), S/Ir. also munSif; (of price) S ..... mwaafeq, Ir. mu9tadil; (beautiful) SaaHi; (blond) ashqar (Ir. g pro q; ..... f. shaqra) ........... (n, m: trade -) ma9raD (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. ma9aariD faith ... (n, *m) S iimaan ........... Ir. (#1) thiqa (f) - in Ir., /iimaan/ appears mainly in set ..... phrases fake, phony, put-on ... (adj) E iSTinaa9i; Ir. muStana9 family ... (n, f) E 9eela (includes the larger family) : pl. 9aa'ilaat, ..... 9elaat ........... S 9eeleh, 9aayleh : pl. 9eelaat, 9iyal, 9iyaal ........... Ir. 9aa'ila : pl. 9awaa'il famine ... (n, f) majaa9a (E g pro j) : pl. majaa9aat famous ... (adj) mash'huur (pl. -iin); (S/Ir. also) shahiir - for = /b-/ fan, devotee ... (n, m) haawi (E syn. ghaawi) : pl. huwaat (E huwaah) fanaticism ... (n, m) ta9aSSub fantasy ... (n, m) E taxayyul; S/Ir. xayaal : pl. xayaalaat far ... (adj: distant) ba9iid, bi9iid (f. -a, pl. bu9aad) - elat. /ab9ad/ ..... farther, farthest; Ir. adv /li-hassa, l-hal-Hadd/ thus far, so far ........... (adv) typically paraphrased via the verb /ba9ad (impf. yib9id)/ ..... "to be far" ........... ('so -') see /for now/ Far East, the ... (pr n, m) S/Ir. (i)sh-sharq il-aqSa fashionable ... (adj) S 9al-muuda (also an adv) ........... Ir. daarij; 9al-mooda fasten, tie ... (v perf) S rabaT (Ir. rubaT) : impf. yurbuT (Syr. S yirboT); ..... vn rabT (Ir. rabuT) ........... Ir. (#1) shadd : impf. yshidd; vn shadd ........... see also /attach/ father ... (n, m) abb (abuu-) : pl. abbahaat (S aabaa') ........... S (Leb.) also: bayy favour, service ... (n, m) S/Ir. ma9ruuf ........... Ir. also jamiil : pl. jamiilaat favourite ... (adj) mufaDDal (Ir. DH pro D) fear ... (v perf) xaaf (1 pl. xufna) : impf. yixaaf; vn xoof - the thing ..... feared is expressed indirectly with /min/; note also /xaaf 9ala.../ he ..... was afraid *for*... feel ... (v perf + prep: sense, register) sha9ar (Ir. shi9ar; impf. ..... yush9ur, Syr. yish9or) b-; Hass (impf. yiHiss) b- ........... (v phr: - overall) S Hass b-Haal-[pn suff]; sha9ar b-Haal-[pn ..... suff] = in Ir. simply /shi9ar/ (also /Hass/) - E /nifsi masduuda./ I ..... don't feel like it! ; S /Haases @b-Haalo muu 9ala ba9Do./ Ir. /huwwa ..... ma-da-yish9ur zeen./ He doesn't feel well. ........... (vt perf: check for) S dass : impf. yidiss; S/Ir. jass : impf. ..... yijiss feeling ... (n, f: emotion) E 9aaTifa : pl. 9awaaTif; S sh9uur (m) ........... (sensation) shu9uur (m) : no pl. (use Lit. !mashaa9ir if needed) ........... (tactile sense) iHsaas (m) femininity ... (n, f) E unuusa feminist ... (adj/*n) nisaa'i (f. nisaa'iyya, mpl. nisaa'iyyiin) fertile ... (adj) E xaSb, xiSb (Ir. xaSib, also xaSiib) fertility ... (n, f) E xuSuuba (= Ir. xuSuub, m) festival ... (n, m) mahrajaan (E mahragaan) : pl. -aat ........... S/Ir. also (i)Htifaal (also "festivity") : pl. -aat fetch ... (v perf) Ir. jaab : impf. yjiib; vn jeeba fever ... (n, f) Suxuuna; S/Ir. Humma - S also /Haraara/ feverish ... (adj) S Saxnaan, (when fig.) Saaxeb; Ir. mSaxxin, maHmuum figuratively ... (adv) S majaazan figure out, solve ... (v perf) S/Ir. Hall : impf. yiHill; vn Hall file (on a PC) ... (n) milaff : pl. milaffaat finally ... (adv) axiiran finance, fund ... (v perf) mawwal (II.) : impf. yimawwil; vn tamwiil find ... (v perf) E la'a, laa'a : impf. yil'i, yilaa'i; vn la'ayaan, ..... mila'iyya - old vn with Class. /q/ (for /'/) has survived in the phr ..... /ila l-liqaa'!/ Au revoir! ........... S laqa (Ir. liga) : impf. *yalqi, yilaaqi (Ir. yilgi) ........... S wajad (Ir. wujad) : impf. *yiwjid (Ir. yuujad) find out ... (v perf: notice) E iktashaf (Ir. ktishaf) : impf. yiktishif ........... (seek the facts) E/S 9irif : impf. yi9raf - about = /9an/ ........... S laqa : impf. y@laaqi; vn mlaaqaat ........... Ir. shaaf : impf. yshuuf fine, penalty ... (n, f) gharaama : pl. gharaamaat (E gharamaat) - rel-d vt ..... perf /gharram/ (II.) "he fined sb" finger ... (n, m) E Subaa9 : pl. Sawaabi9 (stem var. Sawab9-) - nf /sabbaaba ..... (S sabbaabeh)/ forefinger; nm /wusTaani/ middle finger ........... S iSba9, iSbaa9 (Ir. iSbi9) : pl. aSaabi9, aSaabii9 - S nm ..... /xanSar/ (Ir. xunSur) little finger; Ir. /iSbi9 wuSTa/ middle finger fingernail ... (n, m) Dufr : pl. Dawaafir (S aDafiir) ........... Ir. iDHfir : pl. aDHaafir, aDHaafiir finish, conclude ... (vt perf) E naha : impf. yinhi; ap naahi; pp manhi; vn ..... nahw - /Ha-ninhi l-mawDuu9./ We shall put an end to the matter. ........... (complete, e.g. work) xallaS (II.) : impf. yixallaS; vn taxliiS ........... Ir. also tammam : impf. ytammim; vn (i)ttimmim fire ... (n, m: element; gunfire) naar : pl. niiraan - id = Engl., /kaan ..... taHt in-naar/ to be (lit. he was) under fire ........... (incendiary) S/Ir. Hariiq : pl. Haraayiq ........... (vt perf: dismiss, sack) E Tarad (Ir. Tirad) : impf. yuTrud - ..... E /law kunt amiin, ma kanuush Taraduuk./ If you had been trustworthy, ..... they wouldn't have fired you. fireplace ... (n, m) mash9al : pl. m(a)shaa9il ........... S ujaaq (Ir. oojaagh "hearth") : pl. *-aat ........... Ir. (#1) shoomiina (m) : pl. shoomiinaat first aid ... (n, m) is9aaf awwali - also with def articles (occasionally) first of all ... (adv) E il-awwil; S bil-awwal, awwalan; S/Ir. muqaddaman fit ... (adj: eligible) SaaliH (E f *SalHa) ........... (intr v phr: - in with) S rikib (impf. yirkab) *9ala ........... Ir. riham (impf. yirham) 9ala ........... (of clothes) E/S gaa, ija (impf. yiigi, yiji) 9ala - i.e. the ..... verb "to come" is used with a preposition to convey this idea ........... Ir. riham (impf. yirham) 9ala ........... (- together) S rikib (impf. yirkab) 9ala ba9D-[pn suff] ........... Ir. (v perf) (i)TTaabaq (VI.) : impf. yiTTaabaq; (in ..... non-physical context) traaham (VI.) : impf. yitraahim fix, repair ... (v perf) SallaH (II.) : impf. yiSalliH; vn taSliiH flashlight ... (n, m) S biil : pl. byaal; flaash ........... Ir. toorich : pl. -aat flirt with ... (v perf) ghaazal (III.) : impf. yighaazil; vn mughaazala ........... Ir. syn. staSram : impf. yistaSrum floor ... (n, m: ground) S aRD (Ir. arDHiyya, f); Ir. #1 gaa9 : pl. gii9aan ........... (storey) S/Ir. Taabiq : pl. Tawaabiq; Ir. also qaaT : pl. quuT - ..... S /b-anu Taabeq?/ (On) which floor? flourish ... (v perf) (i)zdahar (Ir. zdihar; *VIII.) : impf. yizdihir; ap ..... mizdihir, muzdahir; vn izdihaar fluently ... (adv) E karr ........... S b-Talaaqa (Ir. g pro q) - always /q/ in all S dialects flute ... (n, f) S shabbaabeh fly ... 1: (vi perf) Taar (1 pl. *Tirna) : impf. yiTiir; vn Tayaraan ........... 2: (vt perf) Tayyar (II.) : impf. yiTayyar; vn taTyiir food ... (n, m) E akl (Ir. akil; = S Ta9aam) - id S /kalaam bi9abbi l-moxx/, ..... Ir. /maadda lit-tafkiir/ = "food for thought" foolish ... (adj) E mughaffal; Ir. saxiif foot, leg ... (n, m/f) E rigl : du. *rigleen : pl. ruguul ........... S rijl : du. rij@lteen : pl. arjul, rajleen; qadam (m) : pl. ..... aqdaam, qdaam ........... Ir. rijil : du. rijilteen, rijleen : pl. rijleen, rijleenaat for (the duration of) ... (prep phr) li-muddit [+ n] for now ... (adv) muwaqqatan (E *muwa''atan) ........... Ir. (#1) b-hal-athnaa' ........... (so far) S la-hallaq, la-Hadd hallaq; Ir. li-hassa, l-hal-Hadd forcible means, force ... (n, f) E 9inwa - adv E /9inwatan/; Ir. /ghaSban/, ..... /bil-ghaSub/ by force forehead ... (n, f) S/Ir. jabha : pl. jabhaat ........... S (#1) j(a)biin (m) : pl. -aat ........... Ir. (#1) guSSa (f) : pl. guSaS foreign ... (adj) ajnabi (E agnabi) foreigner ... (n, m) ajnabi (E agnabi) : pl. ajaanib (*agaanib) ........... E (polite) xawaaga (m) : pl. xawagaat foreskin ... (n, f) E 'alafa; ghalafa forest ... (n, f) ghaaba : pl. ghaabaat forget ... (v perf) nisi (Ir. nisa) : impf. yinsa (pl. ninsa, tinsu, yinsu); ..... vn nisyaan, nasi - for the c-ponding passive Forms, see /be forgotten/ forgive ... (v perf) saamaH (III.) : impf. yisaamiH; vn musaamaHa - the ..... person to be forgiven as a direct object, the cause with /9ala/ ........... ghafar (Ir. ghufar) : impf. yighfir (yughfur); vn ghafr (ghafur) ..... - the person with /l-/, the cause as a direct object formal ... (adj) E shakli; Ir. rasmi formalities ... (pl, f) shakliyyaat (Ir. #2, rasmiyyaat) former, ex- ... (adj) saabiq (E saabi') foundation ... (n, m) asaas : pl. usus (Lit. asas), Ir. asaasaat ........... (organization) mu'assasa (f) : pl. mu'assasaat frank, candid ... (adj) SariiH - adv/phr S /b-kill SaraaHa/ frankly frankness, candor ... (n, f) SaraaHa fraternal ... (adj) axawi free ... (adj) Hurr : f. Hurra, pl. aHraar freedom ... (n, f) Hurriyya (S Hurriyyeh) French ... (adj) faransi, faransaawi (S frinsaawi) ........... (n, m: language) faransi, faransaawi (takes il- with a prep); ..... il-lugha l-faransiyya (f) from now, after ... (prep) ba9d : /ba9d usbu(u)9een/ in (after) two weeks front: in - of ... see /before/ fuck, boff ... (vt perf: off.) ... E naak : impf. yiniik; vn *neek, neeka fun ... (n, f) E mut9a; S tislaayeh, tasliyeh, 9akra; Ir. winsa - E ..... /l-ittasaali/, /l-ittasliya/ for fun fundamental ... (adj) asaasi - S fpl noun /asaasiyyaat/ fundamentals; see ..... also /basics/ funny ... (adj) S muDHik, miDHek; Ir. muDH'Hik fuss ... (n, f) E dabaka, (clamour) zeeTa; Ir. DHajja, kaBkaBa, (to-do) ..... muSiiba future ... (n, m) mustaqbal (E musta'bal) galaxy ... (n, f) Ir. majarra : pl. majarraat garden ... (n, f) E gineena : pl. ganaayin ........... S bustaan (Ir., "orchard"; m) : pl. basatiin ........... Ir. Hadiiqa (f) : pl. Hadaayiq gas ... (n, m) E/Ir. ghaaz : pl. ghaazaat - adj /ghaazi/ gaseous generation ... (n, m) jiil (E giil) : pl. ajyaal, @jyaal (agyaal) generosity ... (n, m) karam ........... E also saxaa' (m), (E/S) saxaawa (f; S dial. Saxaaweh) ........... Ir. also raHaaba (f); aryaHiyya (f) genuine ... (adj) S xaaliS (also adv "quite, extremely") ........... SaHiiH (in Ir. also adv "genuinely, actually, really") ........... Ir. aSli get, obtain ... (v perf) istalam (Ir. stilam) : impf. yistilim; vn istilaam ........... S #2 axad : impf. yaaxod; naal : impf. yinaal; vn nool, nawl get along with (soc.) ... (eq) S (v phr) (i)nsajam (impf. yinsijim) ma9; (v ..... perf) tfaaham : impf. yitfaaham ........... Ir. twaalam (VI.) : impf. nitwaalam; vn tawaalum - also ..... /tlaa'am/, /maasha (impf. yimaashi) b-/, /silak (impf. yisluk) wiyya/ get better ... (vi perf) (i)tHassan (V.) : impf. yitHassin; vn taHassun get even with ... (v perf) Haasab (III.) : impf. yiHaasib; ap miHaasib; vn ..... muHaasaba (E *miHasba) - on the issue of = /9ala/ get ill ... (vi perf) E 9iyi : impf. yi9ya - see also /disease/ get killed ... (v perf) (i)nqatal (Ir. (i)nkital; VII.) : impf. yinqitil (S ..... var. yini'til) get over st ... (v perf) S sili : impf. *yisla; vn sali; imprt isla! isli! ........... (v phr) Ir. (- a tragedy) Talla9 ... min fikr-[pn suff of ..... subject]; (- an ailment) xallaS (II.) min; txallaS (V.) min get rid of ... (eq phr) E 'ashaH : impf. yi'shaH ........... S/Ir. txallaS (yitxallaS) min - Ir. #1 /xilaS (yixlaS) min/ get stoned, wasted (with intoxicants) ... (vi perf) E it9ammar (V.) : impf. ..... yit9ammar get stuck, jam ... (vi perf) E zargin (4-rad.) : impf. yizargin; vn zargana ........... E also da'ar : impf. yud'ur; vn da'r - also works as transitive ........... S 9iliq, 9@leq : impf. ye9laq; rookab : impf. *y@rookeb ........... Ir. Tumas : impf. yuTmus, vn Tamus; 9iSa : impf. yi9Si, yi9Sa get to a place, reach ... (v perf) wiSil, waSal (Ir. wuSal) : impf. yiwSal ..... (yuuSal, yooSal); vn wuSuul - the destination is logically given with ..... a dynamic preposition (l-, 9ala, il[a]-), although not obligatory in E ........... Ir. also: wadda (ywaddi) 9ala get to one's head ... (eq: vi perf) Ir. (i)txanzar (4-rad. Form B) : impf. ..... yitxanzar "to become a bastard" ........... (vt perf) Ir. baTTar (II.) : impf. ybaTTar "to make sb pompous" Gethsemane ... (pr n, f) jasmaaniyya (E *gasmaniyya) ghost, spectre ... (n, m) shabaH : pl. ashbaaH; S/Ir. also rooH : pl. arwaaH gift ... (present: n, f) hidiyya, hadiyya (S hadiyyeh) : pl. hadaaya ........... (Southern) E also 9aTiyya : pl. 9aTiyyaat ........... Ir. also hiba : pl. hibaat; 9aTa : pl. 9aTaayaat ........... (talent: n, f) mawhiba : pl. mawaahib gifted ... (adj) mawhuub girl ... (n, f) bint : pl. banaat give, hand ... (v perf) E idda : impf. yiddi; ap middi; vn middiyya - ..... /iddihaali!/ Give it to me! ; id /akbar maa fi xeelak irkabuh!/ Give ..... it your best shot! ........... S a9Ta, 9aTa (3 pl. 9aTu; < Class. IV.) : impf. ya9Ti (the thing ..... given comes via the accusative prep: /9aTaani yaah/ He gave it to me.) ........... Ir. niTa, anTa : impf. yinTi, yunTi; vn naTi gladly ... (adv/phr) S b-kill suruur glass ... (n, m: substance) qizaaz (E 'izaaz; Ir. gziiz) ........... (n, f: drinking -) E kubbaaya (S kubbaayeh); S also kaaseh ........... Ir. gLaaS (*m) : pl. -aat glue ... (n) E ghira (f); kulla (f) ........... S Samgh (m); ghira (f) ........... Ir. Samugh (m); shriis (m); ghira (f) gluttony ... (n, f) E fag9a, fag9ana; Ir. sharaaha go ... (v perf) raaH (1 pl. ruHna) : impf. yiruuH; ap raayiH; vn E/S ..... rawaHaan, S/Ir. rooHa (E also mirwaaH) - id S /9aadat Haliimeh ..... l@-9aadet-ha l-qadiimeh!/ = Here we go again! X is/are at it again! ........... (unfold, play out) E daxal : impf. yudxul - /il-9amaliyya ..... ibtadat tudxul fi innu.../ The affair started developing so that... ........... (- out, forth) Tili9 : impf. yiTla9; imprt iTla9! (S Tlaa9!) go crazy, lose one's mind ... (eq) jann : impf. yijinn - Ir. #2 njann (VII.) go through, suffer ... (v perf) Ir. marr : impf. yumurr; vn marr, muruur ........... Ir. (#2) 9aana (III.) : impf. *y9aani; vn *mu9aanaa' ........... Ir. (#2) qaasa (III.) : impf. yqaasi; vn *muqasaa' go too far ... (v perf: transgress propriety) E gaar : impf. yiguur; vn goor ........... S tmaada (VI.) : impf. yitmaada; vn *tamaadi ........... Ir. (i)t9adda (V.) : impf. *yit9adda god, deity ... (n, m) ilaah : pl. aaliha goddess ... (n, f) ilaaha : pl. ilaahaat god-fearing, pious ... (adj) Ir. wari9; taqi good ... (adj) E kwayyis; Tayyib (pl. Tayyibiin) ........... S mniiH, mliiH (pl. mnaaH); (nominal, "the -") xeer; (over, at ..... least) n+ w-abaHH - id /awqaat Hilweh/ good times ........... Ir. xoosh (precedes n!); zeen (also "effective"); Tayyib; ("the ..... - thing") xeer (or zeen); (over, at least) bil-qaliil good deal of, a ... (phr) S shii ktiir min; n + shii ktiir ........... Ir. n + hwaaya Good riddance! ... (eq) Ir. bij-jiir! (also carries the thought "X deserves ..... what he gets") goodness ... (n, m) S nabl @l-qalb; Ir. xeer; Tiib gorgeous ... (adj) S/Ir. badii9 (S also faaxir = Ir. "superb, magnificent") gospel ... (n, *m) injiil (E ingiil) : pl. anaajiil (anagiil) gossip ... (n, m: talk) S Haki bil-qafa; Ir. Hachi 9an-naas ........... (spreader of -) S Hakka (f. Hakkaayeh) bil-qafa : pl. Hakkayiin ..... (f. Hakkaayaat) bil-qafa gradually ... (adv) bit-tadriij (E bit-tadriig) grammar ... (n) S qawaa9ed (@l-lugha), abiding /q/; (Arabic -) Sarf w-naHu ........... Ir. qawaa9id graph ... (n, m) E rasm bayaani : pl. *rusuum bayaniyya grave digger ... (n, m) E laHHaad : pl. -iin graveyard ... (n, f) E gabbaana : pl. *gabbanaat; madfan (m) : pl. madaafin ........... S/Ir. maqbara (f) : pl. maqaabir - S also /jabbaaneh/ (f) greed ... (n, m) Tama9 (E also gasha9) greedy ... (adj) E Tammaa9 (also Ir.; = S Tamii9); gashi9, gishi9 - adv Ir. ..... /ib-sharaaha/ greedily green ... (adj) axDar (Ir. axDHar) : f. xaDra (xuDHra), pl. xuDr (xuDHur) greeting card ... (n, f) Ir. biTaaqat mu9aayada : pl. biTaayiq mu9aayada grocery store ... (n, m) E maHall@ bi'aala : pl. maHallaat bi'aala ........... S dukkaan ma'kuulaat : pl. dakaakiin ma'kuulaat; baqqaala (f) ........... Ir. dukkaan ibgaala : pl. dkaakiin ibgaala grudge ... (n, f) S Daghiineh (Ir. DHagiina) ........... Ir. (#1) Haqid (m) : pl. aHqaad guarantee ... (n, m) Damaan (Ir. DHamaan) : pl. -aat ........... (v perf: ensure) E Daman (Ir. DHuman) : impf. yiDman (yuDHmun) guess ... (n, m) S (Pal.) *taHsiib : pl. -aat; (Syr.) Hazr : pl. Hzuura ........... Ir. taxmiin : pl. -aat; taqdiir : pl. -aat ........... (v perf) E Hazzar (II.) : impf. yiHazzar; vn taHziir ........... S (Pal.) Hassab : impf. yiHasseb; (Syr.) Hazar : impf. yiHzir, ..... yiHzor; vn Hazr - pass. /nHazar/ (VII.) vs. impersonal /haada sahl ..... @l-waaHed yiHz(i)ro./ That is easy (for a man) to guess. ........... Ir. Hizar : impf. yiHzir; vn Hazir guesthouse, hostel ... (n, f) E maDyafa : pl. maDaayif ........... S beet @D-Duyuuf (m) : pl. *byuut @D-Duyuuf ........... Ir. muDHiif (m) : pl. muDHaayif guide ... (n, m) E/Ir. daliil : pl. E dulala, dalaayil; Ir. adillaa' (pn) or ..... daliilaat (= book only) - Koranic Lit. syn. /dallaal/ ........... S daaluul : pl. dwaaliil ........... (v perf) E/S dall : impf. yidill; vn dalalaan (S dalaaleh) ........... Ir. dalla : impf. ydalli; vn tdilli guilty ... (adj) E muznib; S miznib; Ir. mudhnib - S /bala zamb/, Ir. /gheer ..... mudhnib/ not guilty gull, sea- ... (n, m) E nooras; S lawras baHr : pl. lawaares baHr ........... Ir. n9eeja (f) : pl. n9eejaat : coll. n9eej (m) ........... Ir. also b9eeja (f) : pl. b9eejaat : coll. b9eej (m) guttural (phoneme) ... (n, m) S Harf Halqi : pl. H(u)ruuf Halqiyyeh halfhearted, lukewarm ... (adj) S/Ir. faatir hallucination ... (n, f) halwasa (S halwaseh) : pl. halwasaat Hamitic ... (adj) Haami (f. *Haamiyya, *Haamiyyeh) hand ... (n, f) iid (var. yad) : du. iideen, iidteen (E ideen) : pl. ayaadi ..... - phr Ir. /jawwa l-iid, HaaDHir, mawjuud/ on hand; S /maa 9aadu ..... yinDabbu./ They're getting out of hand. ........... (vt perf) see /give/ handful ... (phr) S kamsheh (kamshit + n); (of ppl) kam waaHid min-; illa ..... shwayya (illa shwayyit + n) ........... Ir. chaff; DHabba (DHabbat + n); Samm; (of ppl) ba9aDH, ba9DH handkerchief ... (n, m) E/Jord. S mandiil : pl. manaadiil (E manadiil) ........... S maHrameh (f) : pl. m@Haarim ........... Ir. chaffiyya (f) : pl. chaffiyyaat, chfaafi handwriting ... (n, m) E xaTT : pl. xuTuuT ........... S kitaabit iid, kitaabit yad (f) ........... Ir. kitaaba (f); xaTT iid handy ... (adj) S hayyen (@l-)isti9maal; sahl @l-isti9maal; Ir. mufiid hang up: Don't -! ... (eq) xalliik 9a-l-xaTT! (to f, xalliiki -!) hang-over ... (n, m) !xumaar (< Lit.) ........... Ir. xmaariyya (f) : pl. xmaariyyaat happen ... (v perf) jara (E gara) : impf. yijri (f. tijri; E yigra, tigra) ........... E HaSal : impf. yiHSal ........... S Hadas (Ir. Hidath) : impf. yuHdus; vn Huduus - S /Hadset min ..... zamaan @ktiir./ (perf 3 sg. f.) It happened a long time ago. ........... S Saar : impf. yiSuur - /haada Saar 9afwan./ It happened all by ..... itself. = It was unintentional. I didn't mean it to happen. harmless ... (adj cpment) S biduun Darar haste, rushing ... (n, f) S 9ajaleh (Ir. 9ajala) hat ... (n, f) burneeTa : pl. bara(a)niiT, burneeTaat hate ... (n, m) kurh (Ir. kuruh) ........... S (#1) bughD ........... (v perf) kirih, karah (Ir. kirah) : impf. yikrah; vn kurh, ..... karaaha (E also karahiyya, kuruhiyya) ........... S (#1) baghaD (Ir. bughaDH) : impf. yubghuD (yubghuDH) hatred ... (n, m) E ma't; bughD ........... Ir. bughuDH; karaaha (f) haunted (by ghosts) ... (adj) S/Ir. maskuun have a word with ... (v perf) E/Ir. kallam : impf. yikallam (+ direct obj.) have been ... (phr) Saar-l-[pn suff] + 9am pres cont (S) or bare impf. (Ir.) ..... - however /Saar-li waaqef saa9teen./ I've been standing for two hours. have fun ... (v perf) (i)nbasaT (VII.) : impf. yinbisiT (S often yimbsiT) ........... S 9ayyish (II.) : impf. yi9ayyish; vn *t@9yiish ........... (entertain oneself) itsalla (V.) : impf. yitsalla; vn tasalli ........... E maHyaS (4-rad.) : impf. yimaHyaS; ap mimaHyaS; vn maHyaSa have to ... see /must/ head for ... (v + prep) E ittagah (Ir. ttijah) : impf. yittigih (yittijih) l- ..... (ila) ........... Ir. also twajjah (impf. yitwajjah) l- headache ... (n, m) Sudaa9 - E /Sudaa9 niSfi/ migraine ........... waja9 raas (E waga9 raas; Ir. wiga9 raas) headdress ... (n, m) Ir. libaas raas heal ... (vi perf: recover) E/S shifi : impf. yishfa, yishfi; vn shifaa' ........... E/S Taab : impf. yiTiib; vn Tayabaan (E also Tiyaab) ........... Ir. (i)nliHam (VII.) : impf. yinliHim; vn (i)nliHaam ........... (vt perf: cure) E shafa (impf. yishfi); Ir. liHam (impf. yilHam) hear ... (v perf) sama9 (E simi9, Ir. sima9) : impf. yisma9; vn sam9 (sami9) heart ... (n, m) qalb (E 'alb; Ir. var. gaLub) : pl. quluub ('uluub; gLuub) heat-wave ... (n, f) Haraara (= usual Ir. Harr, m) heavenly ... (adj) samaawi Hebrew language ... (n, m) 9ibri (il- when with prep), il-9ibriyya (f), ..... il-lugha l-9ibriyya (f) hedgehog ... (n, m) E 'unfid : pl. 'anaafid; S qunfod : pl. qanaafed; Ir. ..... gunfudh : pl. ganaafidh hedonist ... (n, m) E raagil Hissi : pl. riggaala Hissiyya helicopter ... (n, m) E hilyukubtar (S hilikopter) Hell ... (pr n, f) jahannam (E gahannam); jaHiim (m/f) - E /lamma tshuuf ..... Halamit widnak (widnik, etc.)./ = When hell freezes over. E /gatak ..... in-ni'am!/ Ir. /quzzulqurT!/ Go to hell! Drop dead! help ... (v perf) saa9/id, -ad (III.) : impf. yisaa9/id, -ad; vn musaa9ada ..... (E misa9da) - intj E /ugaay! ilHa'ni!/, S /madad! saa9id!/, Ir. /y-ahl ..... ir-raHam!/ Help! ........... (one another) itsaa9ad (VI.) : impf. yitsaa9/ad, -id helpful ... (adj) Ir. xaduum; (useful) mufiid here, -in ... (adv) E hina (S hoon; Ir. hnaa, hnaaya) - E /aho, ahe, ahum/ ..... here is/are (m./f./pl. - all stressed on the final syllable) = Ir. ..... common /haadha/ or /haak/; Ir. /minnaa'/ from here. ........... (hither) E hina, *li-hnaa; S la-hoon (but /HuTTo hoon./ Put it ..... here.); Ir. hnaa, ila hnaa hero ... (n, m) baTal : pl. abTaal heroic ... (adj) S/Ir. buTuuli (S also baasel) heroin ... (n, m) E hiruwiin heresy ... (n, f) S harTaqa - worth noting is also Ir. /bid9a (pl. bida9)/ ..... "a heretical innovation" hide ... (vt perf: conceal) E xafa : impf. yixfi; pp maxfi; vn xafy, ixfa ........... S xabbi : impf. y@xabbi; pp mxabb-a (f -aayeh); vn *taxbiyeh ........... S #2 xafa : impf. y@xfi; vn *ixfaa' (< Class. stem IV.) ........... Ir. DHamm : impf. yDHumm; pp *maDHmuum; vn DHamm ........... (vi perf: go hiding) E istaxfa (X.) : impf. yistaxfi; vn istixaaf ........... S txabba : impf. y@txabba; ip m@txabbi (= f) ........... Ir. xital : impf. yixtil; vn xatil ........... Ir. #2 nDHamm (VII.) : impf. yinDHamm; vn *nDHaam hieroglyphic ... (adj) E hiirughliifi hieroglyphics ... (sg, f) E hiirughlifiyya (Ir. il-hiirooghliifiyya) hijacker ... (n, m) S xaTTaaf : pl. -iin hint ... (n, f) S/Ir. talmiiHa : pl. talmiiHaat; ishaara : pl. ishaaraat ........... (v perf) S/Ir. lammaH (II.) : impf. yilammaH; vn talmiiH - S /9an ..... eesh 9am (b)tilammaH?/ What are you hinting at? ........... Ir. #1 ashshar (II.) : impf. y'ashshir; vn t'ishshir historian, chronicler ... (n, m) mu'arrix : pl. -iin history ... (n, m) taariix (E tariix) - S /@t-taariix bi9iid nafso./ History ..... repeats itself. historical ... (adj) taariixi (E *tariixi) hobby ... (n, f) hiwaaya, huwaaya : pl. hiwayaat holy ... (adj) muqaddas (E mu'addas, muqaddas) - /il-kitaab il-muqaddas/ the ..... Holy Bible homework ... (n, m) E waagib; Ir. waajib beeti : pl. waajibaat beetiyya - ..... note also E /zaakir : yizaakir/ (III.) "to do one's homework" hope ... (n, m) amal : pl. aamaal - rel-d to vt perf /ammal/ (II.) "he gave ..... sb reason to hope; he kept sb waiting", and /it'ammal/ (V.) "he hoped" ........... E also 9asham - Ir. ptcl /9ashaa-[pn object]/ (+ impf.) may, let, ..... I hope (sb does st) hopscotch ... (n, f) E uula; S !li9bat il-Hajla (< Lit.) horizon ... (n, m) ufq (E/Ir. ufuq) : pl. aafaaq (E afaaq) horizontal ... (adj) ufqi (E also ufuqi) hospitable ... (adj) S muDiif (Ir. cognate = "a guesthouse"); m@Dyaaf hospital ... (n, f) mustashfa : pl. mustashfayaat hospitality ... (n, f) E/S Diyaafa (= Ir. Husun DHiyaafa, m) - /fi-Diyaafit/ ..... as guests of... hostile ... (adj) S 9adaa'i hour ... (n, f) saa9a : pl. saa9aat - Ir. /ba9ad nuSS saa9a/ after 30 mins house ... (n, m: building) beet : pl. buyuut - Ir. /ahl il-beet/ household ........... S/Ir. also daar (f) : pl. duur ........... (clan) S/Ir. majlis : pl. majaalis hovercraft ... (n, f) E Hawwaama : pl. Hawwaamaat how? ... (int) E izzaay - /izzayy-ak, -ik? izzayyuku(m)?/ How do you do? ........... S/Ir. shloon (Pal. S kiif) - S /shloon Tla9t @mbaarHa/ = /shuu ..... kaanet @n-natiijeh ma9ak @mbaarHa?/ How did you make out yesterday? how long? ... (int) qaddeesh (E 'addeeh) ........... Ir. shgadd, shjadd how much? ... (int) E 'addeeh; S qaddeesh, qaddaish; Ir. shgadd, sh-kuthur hug ... (vt perf) E/S 9abaT : impf. yu9buT; vn 9abT ........... Ir. HiDHan : impf. yuHDHun; vn HaDHin huge ... (adj) Daxm (Ir. DHaxim) : pl. Duxaam (Ir. DHaxmiin, DHxaam) ........... S also 9aziim humour, satire ... (n) S ruuH @n-nukteh (also "sense of humour") - adj ..... /fukaahi/ humorous ........... Ir. tankiit; fakaah; fukaaha hurricane, tornado ... (n, m) E i9Saar (= Ir. fittaala, fattaala, f) hurry, make haste ... (v perf) E ista9gil (X.) : impf. yista9gil; vn ..... isti9gaal ........... S (vi/vt) 9azzal (II.) : impf. yi9azzil - note that in E this v ..... form means "to move house", and in Ir. "to close (down)"! ........... Ir. (vi) sta9jal (X.) : impf. yista9jil; vn sti9jaal hurry up with, move along (with) ... (vt perf) S/Ir. mashsha (II.) : impf. ..... yimashshi hut ... (n, m) kuux : pl. akwaax (S kwaax; Ir. kwaax, kwaaxa) hydrogen ... (n, m) Ir. hadroojiin hygiene ... (n, m) 9ilm iS-SiHHa; (in the moment) SiHHa (f) hypocrisy ... (n, m) nifaaq (E nifaa'; S also munaafaqa) hypocrite ... (n, m) munaafiq (E munaafi') : pl. munaafiqiin (munafi'iin) ........... Ir. also: muraa'i : pl. muraa'iin ice ... (n, m) E talg; S buuZ, jaliid; Ir. thalij ice cream ... (n) E jilaati; S buuZa (f), qeemaq (m); Ir. doondirma (f) idea ... (n, f) fikra (S prefers fikr, m) : pl. afkaar - Ir. /hassa tamaam!/ ..... That's the idea! identical ... (adj eq) S mitl ba9D-[pn suff]; Ir. fadd shikil, mitshaabih identity card ... (n, f) E karneeh; S shaxSiyyeh; Ir. hawiyya idiomatic ... (adj: gram.) iStilaaHi (Ir.) idiot ... (n, m) E 9abiiT (also adj "idiotic") : f. 9abiiTa, pl. 9ubT ........... S mahbuul : pl. mahabiil; majduub : pl. majadiib ........... Ir. hibil, ablah : pl. buluh idol, statue ... (n, m) E/Ir. Sanam : pl. aSnaam illegal ... (adj) gheer qaanuuni; (anti-Sharia) gheer shar9i - S/Ir. also ..... /muu qaanuuni/ illiteracy ... (n, f) ummiyya - /mustawa l-ummiyya/ the illiteracy rate imagination ... (n, *m) xayaal (vs. Lit. taxyiil = "mere fantasy" = E ..... taSawwur, or pl. -aat) imagine ... (v perf) (i)tSawwar (V.) : impf. yitSawwar; vn taSawwur ........... (fantasize, see things) (i)txayyal (V.) : impf. yitxayyal; vn ..... taxayyul imitate ... (v perf) qallad (E 'allid; II.) : impf. yiqallid (yi'allid); ap ..... muqallid (mi'allid); vn taqliid (ta'liid) "imitation" immediately ... (adv) Haalan (= E everyday /fil-Haal/ "right now") ........... E #2 9ala Tuul; S #2 fawran; Ir. #2 b-saa9 immigrant ... (n, m) muhaajir (E muhaagir) : pl. -iin immigration ... (n, f) hijra (Ir. hujra; = E muhagra) immortality ... (n, f) S azaliyyeh immunity ... (n, f: med.) E/Ir. manaa9a - to = /Didd (Ir. DHidd)/ impatient ... (adj) S qaliil iS-Sabr ........... Ir. ma 9ind-[pn suff] Sabur imperative ... (def n, m: gram.) il-amr (Ir. il-amur) imperialism ... (n, m) isti9maar imperfect tense ... (n, m: gram.) E muDaari9 implicit ... (adj) E Dimni imply ... (v perf) Ir. tDHamman (often t > T; V.) : impf. yitDHamman important ... (adj) muhimm (f. -a) - nf /ahammiyya/ importance impossible ... (adj) E mish mumkin, muHaal, (il-)mustaHiil (adj/pseudo); S/Ir. ..... mustaHiil - E also still preserves the verb /istaHiil : yistaHiil/ (X.) ..... "to be impossible" impressive ... (ap/adj) mu'assir, mi'assir improve, make better ... (vt perf) Hassan (II.) : impf. yiHassin; vn taHsiin improvise ... (vt perf) (i)rtajal (E g pro j; Ir. rtijal) : impf. yirtijil; vn ..... (i)rtijaal "improvisation" impulsive ... (adj) S/Ir. mindafi9 (in S, the /a/ tends to receive stress) ........... E indifaa9i in addition ... (adv) S bil-iDaafeh, foo(q) - /fooq haada (Leb. fawq hayda)/ ..... in addition to that ........... Ir. chmaal-, foog- [+ pn suff] in advance ... (adv) E musabba'an; S qabl @b-salaf; Ir. li-giddaam in front of ... (prep) quddaam (E 'uddaam; Ir. giddaam) in order to ... (conj) E 9alashan, 9ashan ........... S minshan (+ bare impf.); li-ajl; (for the purpose of) laHatta ........... Ir. Hatta in spite of, despite ... (prep phr) Ir. b-raghum min (or 9an), raghman 9an in that case ... (eq phr) S b-hal-Haaleh inability ... (n, *f) S 9adam-@l-(q)udra inadequate ... (adj) S muu kaafi (f. *muu kaafyeh) incense ... (n, m) E/Ir. buxuur; S baxxuur income ... (n, m) E/S daxl; S/Ir. waarid : pl. -aat incompetent ... (adj) Ir. muu kafu incredible ... (adj) S maa byitsaddaq; Ir. ma-yshiil-[pn suff] l-9aqil India ... (pr n) il-hind Indian ... (adj/n: of India) hindi (f. hindiyya, mpl. hunuud) - nm /hindi ..... aHmar/ native American, an American Indian (Ir.) indifference ... (n, m) E Tanaash; Ir. 9adam ihtimaam - E vt perf /Tannish/ ..... (II.) he was indifferent towards sb : /Tannishuuni/ they ignored me indirect ... (adj) E gheer mubaashir; S gheer @mbaashar; Ir. *muu mbaashir individual ... (n, m) fard : pl. afraad - adj /fardi/ inestimable ... (eq phr) S maa byitqaddar (local var. maa byit'addar) inevitable ... (adj) E maHtuum; S laa badd minn-, laa mafarr minn- [+ 3 pers ..... pn suff]; Ir. Hatmi, laa budd min-, ma-mumkin tafaadi- - adv /Hatman/ infection ... (n, m: inflammation) iltihaab : pl. -aat ........... (n, f: contagion) E 9adwa : pl. *9adwaat - related intrans. v ..... /it9ada/ (impf. yit9idi) "be infected" (with = /min/) ........... Ir. maraDH (m) : pl. amraaDH - note also /xazzan/ "it became ..... infected" (an uncommon intransitive Form II. verb) infectious ... (adj) mu9di inferiority complex ... (n, m) murakkab naqS (Ir., - naqiS) ........... S also: 9uqdet naqS (f) infinity ... (n, *f) Ir. laa-nihaaya informant ... (n, m) E muballigh : pl. -iin; Ir. muxbir : pl. -iin information ... (pl, f) ma9luumaat - Ir. (m) /maktab il-isti9laamaat/ - desk injection ... (n, f) Huqna (E Hu'na) : pl. Huqan (Hu'an) ........... Ir. (and E, by ext.) ubra : pl. ubar ........... Ir. also shranqa (act. "hypodermic syringe") : pl. shranqaat innocent ... (adj) E bari : pl. abriya, abriyya; (acquitted) barii' : pl. ..... abriyaa' ........... S/Ir. barii', bari : pl. -iin, abriyaa' inquire ... (v perf) (i)sta9lam (X.) : impf. yista9lim; vn isti9laam - (f) ..... /maktaba il-isti9laamaat/ information desk ........... (i)stafham (X.) : impf. yistafhim; vn istifhaam insect ... (n, f) Hashara : pl. Hasharaat insecticide ... (n, m) S mubiid Hasharaat : pl. mubiidaat Hasharaat ........... Ir. qaatil Hasharaat; (popular) flit, fliit inside, within ... (adv) S juwwa (E guwwa); Ir. bid-daaxil, jawwa ........... (prep) S juwwaat; Ir. DHimin insist ... (v perf) E laHH : impf. yiliHH; vn laHH, laHaHaan - /9al(eeh)/ ..... that (he) +bare impf. ........... S aSarr (Ir. Sarr) : impf. yiSirr; vn Ir. iSraar - S /leesh 9am ..... bitSirr 9ar-rooHa?/, Ir. /luweesh tSirr.../ Why do you - on going? insomnia ... (n, *m) araq (/q/ survives also in E); S qalaq inspection ... (n, m) taftiish : pl. -aat inspiration ... (n, m) ilhaam inspire ... (v perf) E laham : impf. *yulhum; vn lahamaan ........... (- sb with st) alham (IV.) : impf. yilhim; ap *mulhim - a Form ..... IV. verb takes two direct objects without distinction problems instead of ... (prep phr) badaal (Ir. also: badalan min/9an) ........... Pal. S also: nidd instructions ... (pl, f: written) irshaadaat (E irshadaat) ........... (pl, f: oral) ta9liimaat (Ir.) intellectual ... (adj/n) fikri (f. fikriyya) : mpl. fikriyyiin ........... S (n, m) msaqqaf (always /q:/ pro /':/) : pl. -iin ........... Ir. (n, m) muthaqqaf : pl. -iin intelligent ... (adj) E zaki (Ir. dh pro z; f. zakiyya, pl. azkiya) intelligible: be - ... (vi perf) (i)nfaham (Ir. nfiham) : impf. yinfihim intend ... (v perf/eq) nawa (Ir. nuwa) : impf. yinwi; ap naawi (S f naawyeh) ..... - S also /b-niit-[pn suff]/ it is the intention of X intent ... (n, f) niyya : pl. niyyaat ........... E also 'aSd (= S maqSuud; Ir. qaSid, maqSad) interested in ... (adj + prep) muhtamm (mihtamm) b- internal ... (adj) daaxili, daaxli (E daxli) - /naziif d./ internal bleeding ........... (of body also) S/Ir. baaTini, baaTni international ... (adj) duwali (Ir. dawli); umami introverted ... (adj) E munTawi (for Lit. inTiwaa'i) - vi perf E /itqawqa9/ ..... (4-rad. Form B) "he became introverted" intuition ... (n, m) S Hads; Ir. badiiha, badaaha (f) - adv E /bil-'ariiHa/ ..... intuitively invent ... (v perf) (i)xtara9 (Ir. xtira9; VIII.) : impf. yixtiri9 (Ir. 3 ..... pl. yixtar9uun); ap mixtiri9 (agental /muxtari9/ "inventor"); vn ..... ixtiraa9 "invention" investigation ... (n, m) S/Ir. taHqiiq - /Haqqaq b-/ he investigated st ironic ... (adj) S haazeq, haaze' - id /@d-dinyeh b@l-maqluub./ It's ironic. irony ... (n, m) !tahakkum (< Lit.) - in S attested as meaning "cynicism" Isis ... (pr n, f) iiziis (E *iziis) Israel ... (pr n) israa'iil (E isra'iil) janitor ... (n, m) S bawwaab : pl. -iin ........... Ir. farraash : pl. -iin, fraariish jar ... (n, f) shiisha (Ir.) : pl. shiyaash, shiyash jealous, envious ... (adj) Hasuud : pl. Husud - pp of /Hasad/ he envied ........... S also ghayyuur Jerusalem ... (pr n) il-quds (E also urshaliim) job ... (n, m) E shughl : pl. ashghaal; waZiifa (f) : pl. *waZaayif ........... S/Ir. shaghla (f) : pl. shaglaat - Ir. nf /waDHiifa/ assignment John the Baptist ... (pr n) E yuHanna l-ma9midaan; Ir. yuHanna l-mu9ammidaan joke ... (n, f) nukta : pl. nukat (Ir. nukaat) ........... E also du9aaba (= amusing story) : pl. du9abaat ........... (v perf) S mazaH : impf. yimzaH; vn mazH ........... Ir. tshaaqa : impf. yitshaaqa; vn shaqa jokingly ... (adv) S *@b-mazH; Ir. DHiHik, b-DHiHik journey ... (n, f: particular -) riHla (S raHleh) : pl. riHlaat (raHlaat) ........... safra : pl. safraat, (S) asfaar ........... (long, abstract) safar (m) : pl. asfaar Judaism ... (n, f) (il-)yahuudiyya; diin @l-yahuud (S, m); (i)d-diyaana ..... l-yahuudiyya (Ir., f) juice ... (n, m) E/Ir. 9aSiir (= S zuum) ........... (seeped, non-gathered) E 9uSaara (f) juicy ... (adj) S maawi; malaan mayy; (fig.) mfalfal ........... Ir. rayyaan; malyaan Mayy jungle ... (pl, f) S/Ir. ghaabaat (S also aghbaal, fpl) Jupiter ... (pr n: astr.) il-mushtari just you try, let him try ... (eq) Ir. finn- [+ pn suff] "(I/speaker) dare X ..... to go forth and do st" (expressed by impf.) keep on (doing st) ... (v perf) E fiDil (+ ap) ........... S Dall (Ir. DHall; + ap, in Ir. + impf.) ........... Ir. also impf. (yibqa) of /baqa/ (+ impf.) = "go on and on -ing" keyboard ... (n, f) !lawHat il-mafaatiiH (< Lit.) kidnap, abduct ... (v perf) xaTaf (Ir. xiTaf) : impf. yuxTuf; vn xaTf (Ir. ..... xaTuf) - /maxTuuf/ a kidnap victim ........... Ir. (#1) xtiTaf (VIII.) : impf. *yixtiTuf; vn *xtiTaaf kindergarten ... (n, f) E HaDaana (for Lit. daar al-HaDaana) ........... S rawDat aTfaal (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. ryaaD aTfaal kingdom ... (n, f) mamlaka (S mamlakeh) : pl. mamaalik kiss ... (n, f) boosa, buusa (S buuseh, bawseh) : pl. boosaat (buusaat) ........... (v perf) E/Ir. baas (-u-) : impf. yibuus; vn boos "an act of ..... kissing" ........... S (< Lit.) qabbal (II.) : impf. yiqabbel ........... ("one another") itbaawis (VI.; 3 pl -u, Ir. -au) : impf. ..... yitbaawis kitchen ... (n, m) maTbax : pl. maTaabix (Ir. maTaabux) knight ... (n, m) faaris : pl. fursaan (Ir. also fawaaris) know ... (v perf) 9irif : impf. yi9rif, yu9ruf; vn ma9rifa - also carries ..... the meaning "to have the training, can" and in S, "to find the facts"; ..... S /Hasab-ma ba9ref/, /9ala 9ilmi/, Ir. /Hasab-ma a9ruf/ as far as I ..... know ........... Ir. also dira (E diri = "he realized") : impf. yidri; vn diraaya ..... - i.e., "to be aware of"; pass. /ndira : yindiri/ (VII.) "to be known" know-how ... (n, f) ma9rifa ........... E also diraaya (f); xibraat (fpl) lake ... (n, f) buHayra (E buHeera) : pl. buHayraat language ... (n, f) lugha : pl. lughaat ........... (momentary speech, words) kalaam (m) lantern ... (n, m) S/Ir. faanuus : pl. fawaniis (Ir. fawaaniis) last, go on, endure ... (vi perf) E Samal : impf. yuSmul; vn Saml, Samalaan ........... S/Ir. daam : impf. yiduum; vn dawaam; Tawwal : impf. yiTawwil last time, the ... (adv phr) E/S il-marra lli maDat, marrit il-maaDi late ... (adv) E waxri; S mit'axxer - E /ba9d@ fawaat il-awaan/, Ir. /ba9ad ..... fawaat il-wakit/ too late later; afterwards ... (adv) ba9deen laughingstock ... (n, f) S/Ir. maD'Haka (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. maDaaHik ........... S also uD'Huukeh : pl. aDaHiik; maSxara : pl. maSaaxer laundry ... (n, m: clothes to be washed) S/Ir. ghasiil ........... (cleaner's) E maghsala (f; = Leb. S maghsal, m) : pl. *-aat ........... S maSbagha (f) : pl. maSaabegh ........... Ir. makwi : pl. makaawi laxative ... (n, m) mus'hil : pl. -aat lead, go ... (vi perf) wadda : impf. yiwaddi; Ir. adda : impf. y'addi leader ... (n, m) za9iim : pl. zu9amaa' - nf /za9aama/ leadership learn ... (v perf) (i)t9all/am, -im (V.) : impf. yit9all/am, -im leave, let be ... (v perf) tarak (Ir. tirak) : impf. yutruk; vn tark (tarik) lecture ... (n, f) muHaaDara (E short. muHaDra; Ir. DH pro D) left, to the - ... (mot adv) 9a-sh-shamaal legendary ... (adj) E xuraafi - covers both main meanings legible ... (adj) maqruu' (E/local S *ma'ruu'; < Lit.) - S /miqri/, Lit-st. ..... /gheer maqruu'/ illegible legislation ... (n, m) tashrii9 - adj /tashrii9i/ legislative; p-ing to law leopard ... (n, m) fahd (Ir. fahad) : pl. fuhuud lesbian ... (n, f) saHHaqiyya (Lit. siHaaqiyya) : pl. saHHaqiyyaat lesbianism ... (n, m) siHaaq (E siHaa') - /saaHiq, saaHi'/ (impf. yi-) "to ..... engage in lesbianism" (vn *musaaHaqa, E misaHqa, misaH'a) less than ... (adv + prep) aqall min Let's cut the crap. ... (civil eq) balaash kalaam faarigh. let (sb) down ... (id) E xala (yixli) bi-; S xayyab (yixayyeb) amal-[pn] let out ... (v perf) E xarrag (II.) : impf. yixarrag letter of the alphabet ... (n, m) Harf (Ir. Haruf) : pl. Huruuf lexicon ... (pl, f) E/*S mufradaat il-lugha liar, false person ... (n, m) kaddaab (Ir. chadhdhaab) : pl. kaddaabiin (E ..... kaddabiin) liberal-minded ... (adj) E mutaHarrir; Ir. mitHarrir liberate ... (v perf) Harrar (II.) : impf. yiHarr/ar, -ir; vn taHriir ..... "liberation; emancipation" - /t. il-9abiid/ l. of the slaves (US) liberator ... (n/ap, m) *muHarrir, *miHarrir : pl. -iin library ... (n, f) maktaba (S maktabeh) : pl. makaatib, maktabaat ........... (public -) E kutubxaana (f) : pl. kutubxanaat licence ... (n, f) S ruxSa, roxSa; Ir. ijaaza : pl. -aat lick ... (v perf) laHas (Ir. liHas) : impf. yilHas; vn laHs (laHis) ........... S also laHwas (4-rad.) : impf. yilaHwes ........... Ir. also liTa9 : impf. yilTa9 lid, cover ... (n, f) ghaTa : pl. E ghuTyaan (S agh@Tyeh; Ir. aghTiya, ..... ghiTyaat) lie, untruth ... (n, f) E kidba (S kizbeh; Ir. chidhba, kidhba) : pl. ..... kidbaat (kizbaat; chidhbaat) : coll. kidib (kizib; chidhib), m ........... Ir. also saxta : pl. saxtaat lie, tell a lie ... (v perf) kizib, kidib (Ir. kidhab) : impf. yikzib, ..... yikdib (yikdhib); vn S kizb (Ir. chidhib) - to = /9ala/ life ... (n, f: being alive) Hayaat (E Hayaah) : Ir. /t'aamraw 9ala Hayaat ..... ir-ra'iis./ They plotted against the president's life. ........... (way of living) 9iisha - also in the phr "make a living" (Ir.) ........... (living time) 9umr (Ir. 9umur) : pl. a9maar light ... (adj) xafiif (pl. xufaaf) ........... (n, m) E nuur : pl. anwaar ........... S Daww : pl. aDwaa' (Syr. aD@wyeh); nuur : pl. anwaar ........... Ir. DHuwa (f): pl. DHuwaayaat, aDHwiya ........... (vt perf: set alight, ignite) sha9al (Ir. shi9al) : impf. ..... yish9il; vn sha9l (Ir. sha9il); Syr. S sha99al : impf. yisha99el ........... Ir. #2 warrath : impf. ywarrith; vn tawriith ........... (illumine) Dawwa (Ir. DH pro D; II.) : impf. yiDawwi ........... S also nawwar (Ir., "enlighten") : impf. yinawwer; vn *t@nwiir light-year ... (n, f) E sana Daw'iyya : pl. *siniin Daw'iyya, - Daw'iyyaat like, enjoy ... (v perf) Habb : impf. yiHibb ........... S/Ir. also: yi9jib-ni, -o (Ir. y9ijb-ah) = 'I, he likes (a ..... single thing of masculine gender)' like, as ... (prep) E/Pal. S zayy; S mitl; Ir. mithil - + /-ma/ before verb limited ... (adj) maHduud linguistic ... (adj) lughawi lipstick ... (n, m) E/S aHmar shafaa'if (or - shafaayif) ........... Ir. (f) Hamrat shafaayif; Humrat ishfaaf liquor ... (n, m) E xamr (beer trad-ly excepted) : pl. xumuur ........... Ir. 9arag; mashruub : pl. mashruubaat (Lit. mashruubaat ruuHiyya ..... "alcoholic beverages") listen ... (v perf) sama9 (E simi9) : impf. yisma9 - (listen) to = simply a ..... direct object since /sama9/ has the basic meaning "he heard" ........... S/Ir. also (i)stama9 (VIII.) : impf. yistimi9 - to = /l-/ ........... (hear sb for a plea) Ir. rajja (II.) : impf. yrajji; vn *trijji listener ... (n, m) mustami9 : pl. -iin literally ... (adv) Harfiyyan living room ... (n, f) E oDt ig-guluus : pl. owaD ig-guluus ........... Ir. ghurfat ga9da : pl. ghuraf ga9da logic ... (n, m) manTiq (/q/ also in E and local S) - adj /manTiqi/ logical long, a - time ... (adv) S muddeh Tawiileh; Ir. hwaaya, b-mudda Twiila - ..... also indicated with Forms I., II. of /Taal : yiTuul/ "to last (long)"; ..... phr S /min zamaan/ a long time ago look, give a look at ... (v perf) S (i)TTalla9 (V.) : impf. yiTTalla9; vn ..... taTlii9a ........... Ir. baawa9 (ybaawi9; mubaawa9a) 9ala; tfarraj (yitfarraj) 9ala look for ... (v phr) S dawwar (impf. yidawwer, Ir. ydawwur) 9an (or 9ala) look up, find ... (v perf + prep) dawwar (yidaww-ar, -er) 9ala ........... Ir. also Talla9 : impf. yiTalli9 - with a direct object looks ... see /appearance/ loophole ... (n, m) S maxraj (in Ir. means "the way out") : pl. maxaarij ........... S also maxlaS (in Ir., "the bottom price"!) : pl. maxaaliS ........... Ir. majaal lit-tamalluS : pl. majaalaat lit-tamalluS lose ... (vt perf: misplace etc.) Dayya9 (Ir. DH pro D) : impf. yiDayya9 loser ... (n) E sakka (*m/f); S/Ir. xaSraan (m) : pl. -iin lottery ... (n, f) E lutiriyya, lutariyya love; like ... (v perf) Habb : impf. yiHibb; ap Haabib; vn Hubb lunacy ... (n, m) E xulal lunatic ... (pp/n) majnuun (E magnuun) : pl. majaaniin (E *maganiin) ........... E also maxluul : pl. maxaliil ........... Ir. also mxabbaL : pl. maxaabiiL lunch: have - ... (v perf) (i)tghadda (V.) : impf. yitghadda; vn taghaddi machine ... (n, f) makiina : pl. makaayin ........... E also makana : pl. makanaat : coll. makan "mechanical ..... instruments" (generic reference) machine gun ... (n, m) E madfa9 rashshaash ........... Ir. rashshaasha (f), rashshaash (m) : pl. rashshaashaat made of/from ... (pp + prep) maSnuu9 min; (built of) mabni min magician ... (n, m) S msha9wez : pl. -iin mail ... (n) E busta, buSTa (f); S/Ir. bariid (m); Ir. also (by ext.) ..... maktuub (m) : pl. makaatiib mainly ... (adv) S 9al-ghaaleb, bil-aktar; Ir. 9ala l-akthar - see also ..... /primarily/ make ... see /do/ make a man out of sb ... (v perf) E margil (4-rad.) : impf. yimargil; ap ..... mimargil; pp mimargal; vn margala make easy, facilitate ... (v perf) S/Ir. sahhal : impf. yisahhil ........... S/Ir. also hawwan (II.) : impf. yihawwin; vn *tahwiin make sb/st do st ... (v perf) xalla : impf. yixalli - reg-ly, + bare impf. malicious joy, schadenfreude ... (n, f) shamaata - vn of /shimit : yishmat/ ..... "to gloat" (E /fi-/, S /b-, la-/ at the expense of, over), in Ir. ..... rather in Form II., /shammat/ man, Mac, buddy ... (cpment n) Ir. m9awwad manage, get by ... see /do well/ manuscript (old) ... (n, m) maxTuuT : pl. -aat many ... (adj) S pl + ktiir, (animates also) ktaar; (abstracts) ktiir, -eh ........... Ir. hwaaya + pl map ... (n, f) xariiTa : pl. xaraayiT - E var. xarTa : pl. xuraT marine, maritime ... (adj) baHri marketing ... (n, m) S *t@swiiq (E taswii'); Ir. tanziil lil-bee9 Mars ... (pr n: astr.) il-marriix masculine ... (adj/n, m: gram.) E muzakkar (Ir. mudhakkar) - rel-d trans. ..... verb /*zakkar (Ir. dhakkar) : yi-/ "to make a word masculine" masquerade ... (n) E Hafl@ tanakkuri (m) ........... E/Ir. Hafla tanakkuriyya (f) master, learn thoroughly ... (v perf) (i)ttaqan (VIII.) : impf. yittiqin; ..... vn ittiqaan ........... Ir. also tiqan : impf. yitqin; vn itqaan materialist ... (adj/n) E maddi, maaddi (f. maddiyya) mathematical ... (adj) riyaaDi (Ir. DH pro D) mathematics ... (pl, f) S riyaaDiyyaat (Ir. DH pro D) = E riyaaDa (fsg) matter, affair ... (n, f) S amr (m); qaDiyyeh (f; in E means "legal case"!) ........... Ir. qaDHiyya : pl. qaDHaaya; (business, dealing) amur (m) : pl. ..... umuur; da9wa (f; in "matter of honour, a sum of money", etc.) - /haay ..... da9wat (+ def n)/ That's how it goes (is) with... mature ... (adj) S naaDej (Ir. naaDHij) maybe, perhaps ... (eq) yimkin; balki (var. S barkeh; Ir. balkat, balkan) - ..... in E Sa9idi dialect, /brob/ ........... S also: bijuuz, jaayez meadow ... (n, m) marj (E marg) : pl. muruuj (muruug) ......... Ir. mar9a (f) : pl. maraa9i meal ... (n, f) akla : pl. aklaat mean; have in mind ... (v perf) 9ana (Ir. 9ina) : impf. ya9ni, yi9ni; vn ..... ma9na - E /ma9naah eeh?/ S /shuu ma9naah?/ What does that (m.) mean? ......... Ir. #2 qiSad : impf. yuqSud; vn qaSid - also S #2: /fahmaan shuu ..... 9am yiqSoD?/ Can you make out what he means? (perf qaSaD) meaning ... (n, m) ma9na : pl. ma9aani - Ir. /ilha 9iddat ma9aani./ It has ..... several meanings. means, a ... (sg, f) wasiila : pl. wasaa'il, wasaayil - phr S /Hays kaan./ ..... /@b-kill @l-iHwaal./ Ir. /ma9luum./ By all means. /b-ay wasiila/ by ..... hook or by crook meanwhile ... (adv) S fii nafs il-wa(q)t, 9a-been-ma; Ir. xilaal hal-fatra medicine ... (n, m: drug) dawa (Ir. duwa) : pl. adwiya (Ir. also duwyaat) ........... (field of -) Tibb meet face to face ... (v perf) (i)twaajah (VI.; E *g pro j) : impf. ..... yitwaajih meeting ... (n, m) ijtimaa9 (E g pro j) : pl. -aat - E syn /lu'a/ encounter megalomania ... (n, f) !xunzuwaaniyya (< Lit.) melody ... (n, m) laHn (Ir. laHin) : pl. alHaan memorize ... (v perf) HifiZ (Ir. HifaDH) : impf. yiHfaZ (yuHfuDH); vn HifZ ..... (HufuDH) ........... S also baSam : impf. yubSum; vn baSm memory: from - ... (phr) E 9al-ghaayib; S !9an Zahr qalb (< Lit.) mention ... (v perf) S zakar (Ir. dhikar) : impf. yizkur, yizkor (etc.); vn ..... zakr (dhikir) - id /9afwan./, Ir. alt. /(i)l-9afu./ Don't mention it! Mercury ... (pr n: astr.) 9uTaarid (Ir. 9aTaarid) mercy ... (n, f) raHma (S raHmeh) - Ir. also /ra'fa/ "mercy, pity" mere, nothing but ... (adj) mujarrad (E mugarrad) mermaid ... (n, f) Huuriyyat il-baHr mess, disorder ... (n, f) xarbaTa : pl. xaraabiiT, xarbaTaat metal ... (n, m) ma9dan (S ma9den) : pl. ma9aadin - adj */ma9dini/ of metal metaphor ... (n, f) S isti9aara : pl. isti9aaraat - adj /majaazi/ -ical Middle Ages, the ... (pr n, fpl) il-quruun il-wusTa (sometimes s > S) Middle East, the ... (pr n, m) S @sh-sharq @l-awSaT might be ... see /could be/ military service ... (n, f) E gundiyya ........... S 9askariyyeh; jundiyyeh ........... Ir. jeesh, jaysh (m); 9askariyya (f) milk ... (n, m) E laban; S/Ir. Haliib Milky Way, the ... (pr n) misHaal il-kabish (Ir.; for Lit. darb at-tabbaana) minority ... (n, f) aqalliyya - /q/ preserved across dialects minute ... (n, f) daqiiqa (E da'ii'a) : pl. daqaayiq (da'aayi') - adv/phr ..... Ir. /b-aaxir laHDHa./ at the last minute; nm Ir. /9agrab id-daqaayiq/ ..... the minute hand miracle ... (n, f) mu9jiza (E g pro j) : pl. mu9jizaat mirage ... (n, m) S/Ir. saraab mirror ... (n, f) miraaya (S mraay, mraayeh) : pl. miraayaat (E mirayaat; S ..... also maraaya, muri) ........... Ir. also mashuufa : pl. mashuufaat misleading ... (adj) S mDallel; (subject cpment) fi-[pn suff] taDliil ........... Ir. xaddaa9 missing ... (adj) Daayi9 (Ir. DHaayi9) - ap of /Daa9/ "it is/has been lost" missionary ... (n, m) mubashshir (S mbashsher) : pl. -iin mix-up ... (n, f) xarbaTa : pl. xarbaTaat - vn from 4-rad. vt perf /xarbaT/ moan ... (v perf) ann : impf. yi'inn; vn aniin ........... Ir. (#1) wann : impf. ywinn; vn wann model ... (n, m: miniature) E namuuzag (Ir. namuudhaj) : pl. namaazig ..... (namaadhij) ........... (pattern, example) Ir. qudwa (f) : pl. qudwaat ........... (f: fashion -) E 9aaridit azyaa' : pl. 9aaridaat azyaa' modern ... (adj) Hadiis (f. Hadiisa, pl. Hudaas) mole, beauty spot ... (n, f) E shaama : pl. shamaat molecule ... (n, *m) E guzee', guzay' : pl. -aat - adj /guzee'i/ molecular moment: Just a -! ... S laHZa! ; Ir. fadd daqiiqa! monastery ... (n, m) deer : pl. adyira (E alt. diyira, adyura, duyura) money ... (n, m) E filuus (Ir. fluus, ifluus) ........... S maSaari (f) - /dabbar/jama9 l-maSaari/ he has raised the - monotonous ... (adj) E ratiib; S 9ala watiireh waaHdeh, 9ala namaT waaHed moon ... (n, m) qamar (E 'amar; Ir. gumar) ........... (full -) badr (Ir. badir) : pl. buduur - id E /badr@ bduur/ = ..... a ravishing girl moonlight ... (n, f) E 'amara (also adj, "moonlit"), 'amaraaya ........... Ir. gamra, gamriyya moped, scooter ... (n, m) S skuuter : pl. -aat morale ... (n, m) axlaaq (E/local S axlaa') more ... (adv) aktar (Ir. akthar; azyad) - S /aktar min heek/ more than that more or less ... (id) S 9ala wajh @l-9umuum, bil-ijmaal; Ir. shii 9ala shii morning ... (n, m) SubH (Ir. SubuH) - adj /SabaaHi/ = Fr. matinal; adv S ..... /SabaaHan/ in the morning ........... (forenoon) Ir. SubHiyya (f) morphine ... (n, *m) murfiin mosque ... (n, m) masjid (E masgid) : pl. masaajid (masaagid) ........... jaami9 (E gaami9) : pl. jawaami9 (gawaami9) mosquito ... (n, f) namuusa (S namuuseh; a sg. < coll. namuus, m) ........... Ir. bagga (coll. bagg, m) mostly ... (adv) E/S ghaaliban; Ir. 9ala l-akthar, 9al-ghaalib mother ... (n, f) umm, imm : pl. ummahaat motive (for a crime) ... (n, m) Ir. baa9ith 9aj-jariima mountain ... (n, m) jabal (E gabal) : pl. jibaal (gibaal) mountainous ... (adj) jabali (E *gabali) - also *"pertaining to mountains" mourn ... (v phr) baka (impf. yibki) 9ala - Ir. /bicha (impf. yibchi) 9ala/; ..... intr. also via adj/ap: (m) /mit9azzi/, (f) /mit9azzaaya/ "in mourning" mouth (anat.) ... (n, m) E bu'' (buqq); Hanak; fumm : pl. ifmaam, fimaam ........... S timm, tumm ........... Ir. Halig : pl. H(u)luug - /Halgi Ta9ma.../ The taste in my ..... mouth... move ... (n, f) Haraka : pl. Harakaat - S /bala Harakeh/ motionless ........... (vi perf: stir) (i)tHarrak (V.) : impf. yitHarrak; vn taHarruk ........... (move house) (i)ntaqal (Ir. ntiqal; VIII.) : impf. yintiqil ........... (vt perf: - st) Harrak (II.) : impf. yiHarr-ak, -ik - can also ..... mean "to get started, begin" in Ir. - Ir. /la-tHarrik saakin!/ = Let ..... sleeping dogs lie! (Don't stir things up.) ........... (transfer) S qaam : impf. yiqiim ........... (emotionally) assar (impf. yi'ass/ar, -ir; Ir. thth pro ss) b- movie ... (n, m) film (Ir. filim) : pl. aflaam much, a lot (of) ... (adv) kitiir ([*West] Ir. kathiir); (S) shii ktiir (as ..... object in "I don't know *much* about composing", aut sim.) - in E ..... Sa9idi dialect, /xaales/ ........... Ir. (#1) hwaaya, ihwaaya - /juhud imkaan/ (phr) with the ..... greatest possible effort multiply ... (vi perf) (i)t9addad (V.) : impf. yit9add/ad, -id; vn ta9addud ........... Ir. (of animals) tkaathar : impf. yitkaathar; vn takaathur mumble ... (v perf) tamtam, tamtim (4-rad.) : impf. yitamtim; ap mitamtim; ..... vn tamtama (Ir. also ttimtim) music ... (n, f) muusiiqa (Ir. var. maziiqa) ........... (piece of) Ir. ma9zuufa : pl. ma9zuufaat must ... (eq: present tense) laazim; Daruuri (indecl, followed by impf.) - ..... /kaan laazim tidfa9 in-nuSS./ (past formula) You were to pay half. ........... Pal. S also: majbuur (declined by gender, number) + bare impf. ........... (in the past: v perf) S/Ir. (i)DTarr (VIII., conjugated like IX.) mustard ... (n, m) xardal - also means "lousy, rotten" as a pseudo-adj in E mysterious ... (adj) S ghaameD, ghariib; Ir. ghaamiDH, mubham mystery ... (n, *m) laghz (Ir. laghiz; Lit. lughz) : pl. ilghaaz, alghaaz mysticism (esp. Isl.) ... (n, m) taSawwuf myth ... (n, f) S xuraafeh (Ir. xuraafa "fable, fairy tale") : pl. xuraafaat nagging ... (n, f) E lagaaga (vn < lagg "he nagged") ........... S *naqq@, *na''@ (vn < na''@, impf. yinu''@ [Nasr 1972]) ........... Ir. tniqniq (vn of naqnaq, a 4-rad. verb) naive ... (adj) E ghashiim (pl. ghushm); saazig, saazag (pl. suzzaag) ........... Ir. baSiiT (pl. -iin, buSaTaa') naivete ... (n, f) E ghushumiyya, sazaaga; Ir. baSaaTa name; noun ... (n, m) ism (Ir. isim) : pl. asaami, asmaa' ........... (last -: see /surname/) namesake ... (n, *m) E samiyy@; Ir. sami (samiyy-) NATO ... (pr n, m) E il-Hilf il-aTlasi naturally ... (adv) Tab9an (Ir. also biT-Tabu9) nature ... (n, f) Tabii9a - adj /Tabii9i/ nature(-related); natural nausea ... (n, f) S jooshet nafs; la9yet nafs ........... Ir. li9baan nafis (m) - /ash9ur nafsi da-til9ab./ I feel -ted. near, close to ... (prep) E 'urayyib min; S (q)ariib min; Ir. giriib min, ..... qariib min nearby ... (adv) E 'urayyib; S (q)ariib; Ir. 9an qurub nearly ... (adv) taqriiban (E ta'riiban; Ir. also bit-taqriib) ........... Ir. (*#1) 9ala washak necessary ... (adj) Daruuri - adv E /mish sharT/ not necessarily ........... S #1 (@l-)laazem (f. -laazmeh) ........... Ir. also imnil-luzuum; (called for) daa9i need ... (n, f) S/Ir. Haaja : pl. Haajaat ........... (v perf) iHtaaj (E g pro j; VIII.) : impf. yiHtaaj; ap miHtaaj - ..... in E used with prep /li-/ for the subject ........... common S phr: laazim + needer as pn suff (corresponds to Ir. ..... /b-laazim/, a simple invar. pseudo-verb) - S /(y@lli) ... laazimni ..... b-9eeno/ just what I needed; Ir. /iHna b-laazim Maay./ We need water. ........... S/Ir. (i)9taaz (VIII.) : impf. yi9taaz; vn *(i)9tiyaaz negative ... (adj) salbi (E also saalib) Neptune ... (pr n: astr.) S naptuun nervous; fidetgy ... (adj) 9aSabi ........... S also /mnarvez/ for latter meaning - /shuu Saayer-lak hal-qadd ..... @mnarvez?/ How come you are being so nervous? never; Well I'll be! ... (adv/intj) abadan Never mind. ... (eq) E maa yidurrish. S laa ba's. new ... (adj) jadiid (f. jadiida, pl. judaad) news item ... (n, m) xabar : pl. axbaar - E /yaa xabar iswid!/ A tragedy! ; ..... id S /ma 9induush xabar./ He hasn't heard the news. newspaper ... (n, f) jariida (E gariida) : pl. jaraayid (garaayid) - /9adad ..... min il-jariida/, S */9adad @mn @l-jariideh/ issue of the newspaper ........... E also gurnaan (*m) : pl. garaniin next time, the ... (phr/adv) S/Ir. l-maRRa j-jaaya next to, beside ... (prep) E gaanib; S (b-)jamb, mshaqqiit; Ir. yamm, b-Saff nickname ... (n, m) E ism id-dala9 ........... Ir. laqab : pl. alqaab night ... (n) leel (coll., m = -time) : leela (f = a single -) : pl. layaali ..... - E /imbaariH fil-leel/, Ir. /l-baarHa bil-leel/ last night; !/ma'wan ..... leeli/ doss house, shelter for the night (< Lit.) nightclub ... (n) E/S kabareeh : pl. E kabareehaat, S kabareeyaat ........... E/Ir. malha (*m/f) : pl. malaahi ........... S !mas'har (*m, < Lit.) : pl. !masaahir - related to nomen ..... agentis /sahhaar/, E /sihhaar/ "nighthawk, one who is nocturnally up ..... and about" nipple ... (n, f) E Halama : pl. Halamaat (vs. du. *Halamteen) ........... Ir. Hilma : pl. Hilmaat, Hilam No harm done. ... (eq) S maa bisaayil. no matter how... ... (conj) E mahma; Ir. shloon-ma, (- much) shgadd-ma no matter what ... (conj phr) Ir. loo sh-ma, sh-ma; loo kull-ma No offense (but)... ... (phr) S *bala sharr; Ir. bala mu'aaxadha No wonder! ... (eq) S !laa 9ajaba! (< Lit.); Ir. Tab9an! nobody ... E maHaddish; S maa Hada; Ir. maHHad noise, clatter ... (n, f) S Doojeh - see also /racket/ nonsense, rubbish ... (n) S hals; Ir. xaruT, kalaam faarigh nose ... (n, m) E anf : pl. unuuf ........... S minxar : pl. manaaxiir ........... Ir. xashim : pl. x(u)shuum nosey, interfering ... (adj) E Hishari (Ir. cognate = "over-sexed; nympho"!) ........... S kattaar ghalabeh (f. kattaaret ghalabeh); fuDuuli ........... Ir. fuDHuuli; *miTTaffil; *mdaxxil (not) a single ... wala + n : S/Ir. /ma sawwa wala ghalTa./ He didn't make ......... a single mistake. notebook ... (n, f) E kuRRaasa : pl. kaRaRiis ........... Ir. daftar (m) : pl. dafaatir - /ru'uus aqlaam/ (fpl) notes notice ... (vt perf) E laHaZ : impf. yilHaZ; vn laHaZaan ........... S/Ir. laaHaZ (Ir. DH pro Z; III.) : impf. yilaaHiZ; vn mulaaHaZa ........... Ir. also tnabbah (V., intr.) : impf. yitnabbah notify ... (v perf) S/Ir. xabbar : impf. yixabber; vn taxbiir, Ir. txubbur ........... Ir. also ballagh : impf. yballigh; vn tbilligh, tabliigh now ... (adv) E dilwa'ti (also "just now") - E/Ir. /Hatta l-aan/ up till ..... now; /fil-Haal/ right now ........... S halla(q) (also "in a moment"), hal-waqt - /hallaq tghayyaret ..... @l-iyyaam./ = Now the tables are turned. ........... Ir. hassa : /lii-hassa/ until now; /da-ysawwiiha hassa./ (a ..... phrase illustrating the Ir. prog pres cstr.) He's doing it now. Now you tell me! (So -) ... (eq) E gayy@ t'ul-li ba9d@ xaraab malTa! Nubia ... (pr n) E nuuba nuclear weapon ... (n, m) silaaH nuwawi : pl. asliHa nuwawiyya nurse ... (n, f) mumarriDa (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. mumarriDaat oasis ... (n, f) waaHa : pl. waaHaat (E waHaat) obligation, responsibility ... (n, m) E/Ir. iltizaam : pl. -aat ........... Ir. also waajib : pl. -aat; (i)rtibaaT : pl. -aat obligatory ... (adj) ilzaami (S/Ir. also ijbaari) observatory ... (n, m) E/Ir. marSad : pl. maraaSid obvious ... (adj) E waaDiH; Ir. waaDHiH, DHaahir, mbayyin ocean ... (n) muHiiT (longer/S baHr @l-muHiiT) : pl. muHiiTaat odd: It's odd (that) ... (filler) E ghariib (inn-); S ghariibeh; Ir. 9ajab - ..... Ir. /muu 9ajiib... li'ann-[pn suff]/ It's not strange that... because offer ... (n, m) E 9arD (Ir. 9ariDH) : pl. 9uruuD (9uruuDH) ........... (v perf) qaddam (E/local S 'addim) : impf. yiqaddim (yi'addim) ........... Ir. also 9iraDH : impf. yi9riDH - (to) sb = /9ala/, for = /b-/ officially ... (adv) rasmiyyan often ... (adv) E kitiir ........... S amraar (@ktiireh), maRRaat (@ktiireh); ktiir ........... Ir. hwaaya, kathiir OK ... (eq) E maashi. (whereas /xalaaS!/ = OK! Agreed!) old ... (adj) qadiim (E ' pro q) : f. qadiima, pl. qudaam, qudm ........... (of ppl) kibiir (f. kibiira, pl. kubaar) omelette ... (n, f) S 9ijjeh (E 9igga) ........... Ir. maxLama : pl. maxLamaat on (top of) ... (prep) fooq, fauq (E foo'; Ir. foog) - but /9ala/ is used ..... with motion to (Ir. /xalliiha 9al-meez./ Put it on the table.) on one hand... on the other hand ... (phr) S min jiha... w-min jiha taanyeh ........... Ir. min jiha... w-min jiha (lux) once, as soon as ... see /when/ (3) once and for all ... (phr) S la-awwal w-aaxer marra only, just ... (adv) bass (S also faqaT) - Ir. /9ibaara 9an/ when ..... connoting "really, nothing but" open ... 1: (vi perf: - up) infataH (Ir. nfitaH; VIII.) : impf. yinfitiH ........... 2: (vt perf: - st) fataH (Ir. fitaH) : impf. yiftaH; vn fatH ........... Ir. (regional) Hall : impf. yiHill; vn Hall open country ... (n, f) !barriyya (< Lit.) : also f. of adj /barri/ ..... "terrestrial, pertaining to terra firma; of wilderness, rural, wild" opium ... (n, m) E/Ir. afyuun ........... Ir. also tiryaak - adj/n /tiryaaki/ an opium or dope addict opportunist ... (n, m) E furSagi : pl. -yya; Ir. lifliif : pl. -iin opportunity ... (n, f) furSa : pl. furaS - /law yiSiir furSa.../ If there ..... was (came) an opportunity... opposite ... (adj) E 9aksi, (nominal, "the -") 9aks ........... Ir. mu9aakis (= E "it's playing up"!); muxaalif; (nominal) 9akis ........... (prep) S muwaajah; Ir. gbaaL, muqaabil - see also /before/ (1) opposition ... (n, f) mu9aaraDa (Ir. DH pro D) - /Hizb il-m./ the opposition ..... party; /(i)nDamm lil-m./ he joined the opposition optimism ... (n, m) tafaa'ul optimist; -ic ... (adj/n) mitfaa'il : pl. mitfaa'iliin - Ir. /la tkuun ..... hal-gadd mitfaa'il./ Don't be so optimistic. or ... (conj) walla; Ir. loo, aw - S /yaa... yaa/; Ir. /imma... loo, yaw... ..... yaw/ either... or; E /sawa... sawa/ whether... or or else, lest ... (conj) Ir. tara - /- mas'uuliyya/ or there will be trouble oral, verbal ... (adj) E bu''ee'i; Ir. shafahi, shafawi order (food etc.) ... (v perf) S/Ir. waSSa (II.) : impf. yiwaSSi; vn ..... tooSiyeh, Ir. tawSiya; imprt m/f waSSi! ........... E Talab (Ir. #2, Tilab) : impf. yuTlub; vn Talab organic ... (adj) 9uDwi (Ir. 9uDHwi) orgasm ... (n, f) Ir. ladhdha (E /lazza/ simply = "pleasure"); shahwa - v ..... phr /ija DHahr-[pn suff]/ to have an orgasm, come other, another, else ... (adj, n) taani : f. taanya (E tanya), pl. taanyiin ..... (tanyiin) out of order ... (adj) 9aTlaan : f. 9aTlaana, pl. 9aTlaniin (E) ........... xarbaan : xarbaana, xarbaaniin ........... E also baayiZ (f. bayZa), < #b-w-Z "become spoiled, useless" out of place ... (adv) S muu b-maHall-[3 pers pn suff] outnumber ... (v phr) Ir. faaq (impf. yfuuq) bil-9adad outside ... (adv) barra - motion to: /l-/ ........... (prep) E barra; S barraat; Ir. barra, (- a social sphere) xaarij outspoken ... (adj) SariiH owl ... (n, f) buuma (S buumeh; a sg. < coll. !buum, m) : pl. buwam own ... (adj eq) Ir. b-iidee-[pn suff]; mulk-[pn suff] w/ indep pn; ..... (solitary) il[a]-[pn suff] waHd-[pn suff] Pacific Ocean ... (pr n) S/Ir. (i)l-muHiiT il-haadi ........... S also: @l-muHiiT @l-baasifiiki page ... (n, f) E/Ir. SafHa : pl. Saf(a)Haat - vt perf /qalab/, /qallab/ or ..... /dawwar/ is used for "he turned (the page)" ........... S SaHfa (Ir. SaHiifa) : pl. S SuHuf (SaHaayif) - id Ir. ..... /SaHiifta beeDHa./ His record is clean. pain ... (n, m) S/Ir. alam (in E, 'alam = "marker, pen"!) : pl. aalaam ........... E (#1) waga9 (Ir. wuja9) : pl. awgaa9 (awjaa9) painkiller ... (n, m) musakkin : pl. -aat Palm Sunday ... (pr n) S aHad @sh-sha9aniin palm tree ... (n, f) naxla (S naxleh) : pl. naxlaat : coll. naxl, naxil (m) panther ... (n, m) fahd (Ir. fahad) : pl. fuhuud parenthesis ... (n, m) E 'oos : pl. i'waas ........... S hlaal : pl. -aat ........... Ir. qaws : pl. aqwaas parliament ... (n, m) barlamaan : pl. -aat part ... (n, m) S juz' (E guz'; Ir. juzu') : pl. ajzaa' (E agzaa') ........... (section) qism : pl. aqsaam - retains /q/ also in E ........... (in a play etc.) dawr : pl. adwaar partial ... (adj) juz'i (E guz'i) party, feast ... (n, f) Hafla : pl. Haflaat ([Ir.] /sawwa Hafla Hafaalan.../ ..... He threw a party in celebration of...) ........... (get-together) Ir. qabuul : pl. -aat - of either men or women pass (st) by ... (v perf) faat (1 pl. *futna) : impf. yifuut ........... Ir. marr : impf. ymurr; faat : impf. yfuut; 9igab : impf. yu9gub passionate ... (adj) 9aaTifi (Ir., for Lit. shaghif) passive voice ... (n, f: gram.) Siighat il-majhuul (E, -maghuul) Passover ... (pr n, m: Jew.) 9iid il-fuSH (Ir. var. -fuSiH) passport ... (n, m) E basboor : pl. -aat; gawaaz (is-)safar ........... S jawaaz safar : pl. jawaazaat safar; (Syr. also) basboor ........... Ir. jawaaz : pl. jawaazaat past ... (adj/n) maaDi (Ir. maaDHi) : f. ma(a)Dya, pl. ma(a)Dyiin ........... (prep) E gamb; Ir. min yamm pastime ... (n, f) tasliya (st cstr tasliit) : pl. tasliyaat pasture ... (n, f) S/Ir. mar9a : pl. maraa9i patience ... (n, m) Sabr (Ir. Sabur) - rel-d vi perf /Sabar/ (impf. yuSbur) ..... "he had patience" paw ... (n, m) S rijl : du. -een; Ir. iid : du. -een; rijil : du. rijleen pay ... (v perf) dafa9 (Ir. difa9) : impf. yidfa9; vn daf9 (dafi9) - pass. ..... /indafa9 : yindifi9/ payment ... (n, f: singular) daf9a : pl. -aat; (idea of paying, m) daf9 pearl ... (n, f) E durra : pl. durar : coll. durr (m) ........... Ir. liiluwwa : pl. liiluwwaat : coll. liilu (*m) pebble ... (n, f) E/Ir. HaSwa : pl. HaSwaat pedantic man ... (id/n, m) E raagil abgadi pelvis ... (n, m) HawD (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. aHwaaD pen ... (n, m) qalam (E 'alam) : pl. aqlaam (a'laam) - E /'alam gaaff/, S ..... /qalam stiilo/, Ir. /qalam Hibir jaaf/ ball-point pen pencil ... (n, m) E 'alam ruSaaS; Ir. qalam irSaaS, qalam baSma penis ... (n, m) E iir : pl. uyuur penniless, broke ... (id, adj) E falsaan - also id /ma Hiltuush xurda./ = ..... He's penniless. ........... S mfalles ........... Ir. miflis; mahluus Pentecost ... (pr n, f) E il-9anSara perfect ... (adj: complete) kaamil : f. E kamla, pl. E kamliin ........... (fluent) maZbuuT (Ir. maDHbuuT) perfectionism ... (n, f) E misaliyya (Ir. *mithaaliyya) perhaps ... see /maybe/ Persian Gulf, the ... (pr n) S @l-xaliij @l-faarsi, Ir. l-xaliij il-faarisi person ... (n, m) shaxS (Ir. shaxiS; E var. shaxs) : pl. ashxaaS - S /shaxS ..... ykin-lo qudweh/ somebody (a person) to look up to ........... E also nafar : pl. anfaar personal ... (adj: private) xaaSS (Ir. also xuSuuSi) ........... (intrusive) shaxSi personally, in person ... (adv) b-shaxS-[pn suff], shaxSiyyan; ..... b-iid-[pn suff] - /shaxSiyyan/ means also "in a personal manner" perverse ... (adj) E 'irin perversion ... (n, m) inHiraaf : pl. -aat pessimism ... (n, m) tashaa'um pessimistic, be ... (v perf) (i)tshaa'am (VI.) : impf. yitshaa'am ........... E id also /sadd/ (impf. yisidd) + 3 sg f. object pet animal ... (n, m) S Haywaan; Ir. Haywaan aliif Peter ... (pr n, m) buTruS pharaoh ... (n, m) E far9oon (Ir. fir9oon) : pl. fara9na (faraa9iin) Pharisee ... (n, m) !farriisi (< Lit.) : pl. *farriisiyyiin pharmacy ... (n, f) Saydaliyya : pl. Saydaliyyaat ........... E also agzaxaana (appears in Ir. as azzaxaana) : pl. agzaxanaat phenomenon ... (n, f) Zaahira, ZaahRa (E *Zahra; Ir. DH pro Z) : pl. ..... Zawaahir phone, call ... (v perf) S/Ir. talfan (4-rad.) impf. yitalf/an, -in; vn ..... *talfana (Ir. ttilfin) - object must be indirect (with /l-/) ........... Ir. also xaabar (III.) : impf. yxaab/ir, -ur; vn *muxaabara ........... (contact by -) ittaSal (Ir. (i)ttiSal; VIII.) : impf. yittiSil ..... (E yiTTiSil) - the person contacted given with /b-/ photograph ... (n, f) Suura : pl. Suwar ........... Ir. (#1) rasim : pl. r(u)suum physics ... (n) fiizya, fiizyaa' - /fiizyaa'i/ pertaining to -; a physicist pick a quarrel, - fights ... (vi perf) S tHarrash (V.) : impf. yitHarresh ........... Ir. (i)tTaalab (VI.) : impf. yiTTaalab pickpocket ... (n, m) nashshaal : pl. -iin ........... Ir. also: DHarraab jeeb picture ... (n, f) Suura : pl. Suwar pillow ... (n, f) E/Ir. mixadda : pl. mixaddaat (Ir. mxaadiid) ........... S wisaada (= Leb. S mxaddeh) : pl. wasaa'id, wisaadaat pirate ... (n, m) qurSaan, 'urSaan : pl. qaraSna, 'araSna (Ir. qaraaSina) place ... (n, m: location) makaan : pl. amaakin (Ir. #1 makaanaat) plastic ... (n, m) blaastik (Ir. plastik) plate ... (n, m: dining -) SaHn : pl. SuHuun; (E) Taba' : pl. aTbaa' ........... Ir. maa9uun : pl. mwaa9iin play ... (v perf: - an instrument) 9azaf (Ir. 9izaf) : impf. yi9zif; vn 9azf ..... (Ir. 9azif) - in Ir. the object is indirect, given with /9ala/ ........... Ir. also dagg : impf. ydugg; vn dagg - direct object ........... (for fun) li9ib (Ir. li9ab) : impf. yil9ab; vn la9b (Ir. la9ib) ........... (to toy with) (i)tlaa9ab (VI.) : impf. yitlaa9ib; (to entertain a ..... thought or idea) Ir. Sufan (impf. yuSfun) b- player ... (n, m: contestant) S la99iib : pl. -eh; Ir. la9uub : pl. luwaa9iib playground ... (n, m) mal9ab : pl. malaa9ib pleasant ... (adj) laTiif; (e.g., a trip) sa9iid ........... S also maqbuul (= Ir. "accepted; acceptable, reasonable") Please. ... (phr) E/S min faDlak. (to f. - faDlik, to pl. - faDluku(m)) ........... Ir. rajaa'an. / luTfan. plenty (of) ... (adv) kitiir (S: after v); Ir. hwaaya, kthiir (before v) plot ... (n, f: intrigue) S Habkeh; Ir. silsila Hawaadith ........... (scheme) E muxaTTaT (m), mu'amra (f); S/Ir. mu'aamara (f) plump ... (adj) E laZluuZ (pl. laZaliiZ); Ir. matruus, thixiin plural (form) ... (n, m: gram.) jam9, jami9 (E gam9) : pl. jumuu9 (gumuu9) pocket ... (n, m) jeeb, jayb (E geeb) : pl. juyuub (guyuub) - E /geeb siHri/ ..... a secret pocket (sewn to the inside of a garment against thieves) polio ... (n, m) E shalal il-aTfaal political ... (adj) siyaasi - E /masguun siyaasi/ a political prisoner politician ... (n, m) siyaasi (f. -yya) : pl. siyaasiyyiin (f, siyaasiyyaat) polygamy ... (n, m) ta9addud iz-zawjaat (E, -zawgaat) polytheist ... (n, m) E/Ir. mushrik : pl. -iin poet ... (n, m) shaa9ir : pl. shu9ara, shu9araa' poetry ... (n, m) shi9r (Ir. shi9ir) pond ... (n, f) burka, birka : pl. birak poor ... (adj: without wealth) faqiir (E fa'iir) : pl. fuqaraa' (fu'ara) popular, folk- ... (adj) sha9bi (Ir.) portable, movable ... (adj) E na''aali, mitna''il, mutana''il ........... S mitHarrek ........... Ir. safari; mitnaqqil positive ... (adj) S iijaabi - Ir. /jawaab bil-iijaab/ a positive answer possibility ... (n) S imkaaniyyeh (f); Ir. (i)Htimaal (m) : pl. -aat possible, conceivable ... (adj) S ma9quul ........... Ir. jaa'iz - /yjuuz./ It's possible. nm /jawaaz/ a possibility posture ... (n, f) S waqfeh (Ir. wagfa) : pl. waqfaat (wagfaat) potato ... (n, f) E baTaTsa : pl. baTaTsaat : coll. baTaaTis ........... S baTaTaayeh (E "sweet potato") : pl. baTaTaat, baTaTaayaat : ..... coll. baTaaTa - locally also /bu-/ pro /ba-/ ........... Ir. puteetaaya : pl. puteetaayaat : coll. puteeta poverty ... (n, m) S faqr, qilla (f); Ir. fuqur, 9ooz practical ... (adj) 9amali practice, training ... (n, m) S tamriin; Ir. tadriib, tamriin pray, say a prayer ... (v perf) Salla (II.) : impf. yiSalli; vn *taSliyya, ..... Salaat ........... (- for sb) da9a (Ir. di9a; impf. yid9i) l- prayer beads ... (sg, f) sibHa (for Lit. misbaHa) : pl. sibaH prefer ... (v perf) faDDal (Ir. DHDH pro DD) : impf. yifaDDal; vn tafDiil pregnancy ... (n, m) Habl (Ir. Habal) : pl. Hablaat prematurely ... (adv) Ir. gabuL awaana - S adj cpment /qabl awaan-[pn suff]/ prepare ... (v perf: by training etc.) HaDDar (Ir. DHDH pro DD) : impf. ..... yiHaDDar; (i)sta9add (X.) : impf. yist@9idd; (- one's stamina) hayya' ..... (impf. yihayyi') nafs-[pn suff] ........... (- st) Ir. hayya' (II.) : impf. yhayyi'; vn tahiyyi' preposition ... (n, m: gram.) S/Ir. Har@f jarr, Harf il-jarr : pl. Huruuf ..... (il-)jarr presence ... (n, m) HaDar (Ir. HuDHuur) present ... 1: (n) see /gift/ ........... 2: (being -: adj) HaaDir (Ir. HaaDHir) ........... E mawguud : f. mawguuda, pl. mawgudiin pretend, act ... (v phr) Ir. sawwa (impf. ysawwi) nafs-[pn suff] ........... (v perf) Ir. TDHaahar b- (VI.) : impf. yiTDHaahar b- prevent ... (v perf) mana9 (Ir. mina9) : impf. yimna9; vn man9 (Ir. mani9) - ..... id E /man9an l-/ in order to avoid; (upper) E /ma bamna9uh 9an haada./ ..... I'm not keeping him from it. (dem pn /haada/ instead of /da/) previously ... (adv) S min (q)abl, min (q)abil; Ir. min gabuL priest ... (pagan: n, m) kaahin : pl. kahana ........... (Chr.) xuuri : pl. xuuriyya, xawaarna ........... (Catholic) qassiis (Ir. qass, qissiis) : pl. qusus (S qasaawseh; ..... Ir. qasaawusa, qissaan) primarily ... (adv) S awwal shii ........... Ir. bil-aSil; bid-daraja l-uula; awwalan aSliyyan ........... see also /mainly/ printer ... (n, m) Tabbaa9 (Leb. S also Tabbaa9a, f) : pl. Tabbaa9iin ........... E maTba9gi : pl. *-yya private: in - ... (adv/phr) S 9ala nfiraad; la-Haal-na (etc.) priority ... (n, f) S/Ir. asbaqiyya (Ir. also afDHaliyya) probably ... (adv) E mnil-muHtamal (= Ir.); fil-ghaalib; til'aa [+pn suff] ........... S fii iHtimaal; m@Htamal problem ... (n, f) mushkila (S var. mashkileh) : pl. mashaakil, mushkilaat - ..... Ir. /z-zawaaj, ma-waraa[h] gheer il-mashaakil./ There is nothing to ..... marriage except problems. product ... (n, m) S/Ir. mantuuj : pl. -aat profession ... (n, f) mihna : pl. mihan progress ... (n, m) taqaddum (E *ta'addum) - vn of /(i)tqaddam/ he advanced progressive ... (adj) S taqaddumi (E *ta'addumi); Ir. mitjaddid, mitqaddim project ... (n, m) mashruu9 : pl. E/S masharii9, Ir. mashaarii9 pronoun ... (n, m) Damiir (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. Damaa'ir, Damaayir pronounce ... (v perf) E/S (i)tlaffaZ (V.) : impf. yitlaffaZ; vn talaffuZ ........... S lafaZ (Ir. lufaDH) : impf. yulfuZ (yulfuDH); vn lafZ (lafuDH) proof ... (n, m) S/Ir. burhaan : pl. baraahiin - Ir. (def f) /l-bayyina/ the ..... burden of proof propaganda ... (n, f) di9aaya prophet ... (n, m) nabi : pl. anbiya (Ir. anbiyaa') prose ... (n, m) nasr (Ir. nathir) - adj /nasri/ prose-related, prosaic prostitution ... (n, f) E/Ir. da9aara; baghaa' protect ... (v perf) S Hama (Ir. Hima) : impf. yiHmi; vn Hmaayeh (Hami) prove ... (vt perf) E asbat (IV.) : impf. yisbit; vn isbaat ........... S/Ir. barhan (4-rad.) : impf. yibarhin; vn *barhana (Ir. ..... tburhin) proverb ... (n, m) matal (Ir. mathal) : pl. amtaal (amthaal) ........... Ir. also: qawl ma'thuur : pl. aqwaal ma'thuura provided (that) ... (conj: if) E 9ala sharT@ inn-; S/Ir. b-sharT, 9ala sharT provoke ... (v perf) E HarraD (impf yiHarraD - into: 9ala); S tHadda (impf ..... yitHadda); Ir. stafazz (impf yistafizz; vn stifzaaz) pseudo- ... (adj) muzayyaf (Ir. also /musta9aar/, e.g. /isim -/ a pseudonym) psoriasis ... (n, f) E Sadafiyya (Lit. maraD aS-Sadafiyya) psychology ... (n, m: field of -) 9ilm in-nafs public, general ... (adj) E/Ir. 9aamm (= S 9umuumi, also Lit.) publication ... (n, m: release) nashr (Ir. nashir); (a piece of -) nashra ..... (f) : pl. nashraat publicly ... (adv) jahran - Ir. /jaahar/ (III.) he expressed/declared openly publisher ... (n, m) naashir : pl. naashiriin publishing house ... (n, m) E/S daar in-nashr : pl. *duur in-nashr pull, draw ... (vt perf) saHab (Ir., "he drew out; he towed"): impf. yisHab; ..... vn saHb ........... E/S shadd (= Ir. "tie up; stir up trouble"!) : impf. yishidd - ..... in E also "to tow; tighten; tune; saddle, harness (st)" ........... S/Ir. jarr : impf. yijirr, yjurr; vn jarr - /la-tjurr!/ Don't -! ........... (- down, lower) nazzal (II.) : impf. yinazzil; vn tanziil ........... (- out, extract) S qala9 : impf. yiqla9; vn qal9 ........... Ir. shila9 : impf. yishla9; vn shali9 pulse ... (n, m) nabD (Ir. nabuDH) punish ... (v perf) E 9aaqib (III.) : impf. yi9aaqib; vn *mi9aqba ........... S jaaza (III.) : impf. yijaazi; ap *mujaazi ........... Ir. 9aaqab : impf. y9aaqab; vn mu9aaqaba - for = /9ala/ purchase ... (n, f) E/Ir. sharwa (= S shireh, shraayeh) : pl. sharwaat purpose: on - ... (adv) qaSDan ........... Ir. also 9an qaSid; 9amdan; qaSTani (/bala qaSid/ ..... unintentionally) push ... (v perf) zaqq (E za''@, za') : impf. yizuqq (yizu''@, yizu') ........... Ir. difa9 (E dafa9) : impf. yidfa9; vn dafi9 put, place ... (v perf) HaTT : impf. yiHuTT; ap HaaTiT; vn HaTT quack, charlatan ... (n, m) dajjaal (E gg pro jj) : pl. -iin ........... !mutaTabbib (< Lit.) quack like a duck ... (v perf) !baTbaT (< Lit.; 4-rad.) : impf. yibaTbaT - ..... also means "to blister" in colloquial Arabic (Ir.) question ... (n, m) su'aal : pl. as'ila (S is'ileh) - E /da su'aal wagiih!/ ..... That's a good question! /is-su'aal illi mafruuD yitsi'il/ the ..... question that should be asked ........... (obstacle, problem) mas'ala (f) : pl. masaa'il - S /@l-mas'aleh ..... mas'alat.../ It's a question of... ........... (vt perf: interrogate) S/Ir. stajwab : impf. *yistajweb; vn ..... stijwaab ........... (put into q.) S/Ir. shakk (impf. y@shukk; vn shakk) b- question mark ... (n, f) 9alaamit istifhaam : pl. 9alaamaat istifhaam queue ... (n, m) E Tabuur (Ir. Tbuur = fpl "a small stream") : pl. Tawabiir ........... Ir. sira : pl. siraawaat quickly ... (adv) bi-sur9a; S also b-9ajaleh - E/S syn. /qawaam/ rabies ... (n, m) E sa9ar - adj /sa9raan/ rabid (only of animals) racism ... (n, f) 9unSuriyya racket ... (n, m) S miDrab ........... Ir. hoosa (f); (screech) DHajiij (m); (crowd noise) laghwa (f) radiation ... (n, m) ish9aa9 raincoat ... (n, m) E balTuu maTar : pl. balaaTii maTar ........... S mi9Taf Didd @l-maTar : pl. ma9aaTif Didd @l-maTar ........... Ir. mshamma9 : pl. mshamma9aat rainy ... (adj) mumTir random: at - ... (adv) E ta9assufi; S 9a-T-Taffeesh rape ... (v perf) E ightaSab (Ir. ghtiSab) : impf. yightiSib; vn ightiSaab ........... S (i)ftaras (VIII.) : impf. yift(i)ris; vn iftiraas rapist ... (n, m) E mughtaSib : pl. -iin rare ... (adj) 1: (hard to find) naadir : f. naadra (E nadra) ........... 2: (of steaks) 9an-nuSS (Ir.) rarely ... (adv) E 'aliil, 'ulayyil, naadir (lamma), (alt. w/ f. subj) nadra ..... (lamma); S bin-naader, qallet-ma; (Leb.) S/Ir. qaliil; Ir. naadiran, ..... mnin-naadir rash, eczema ... (n) S Haraara (f), TafH (m); Ir. HaSaf (m) rat ... (n, m) E girz : pl. girzaan ........... S jardoon, jirdawn : pl. jaradiin, jaraadin ........... Ir. jreedi : pl. jreediyya raven ... (n, m) E ghuraab nuuHi : pl. *ghirbaan nuHiyya ........... S ghraab : pl. agh@rbeh, aghribeh reaction ... (n, m) S/Ir. radd (il-)fi9il : pl. ruduud (il-)fi9il ........... (chemical) tafaa9ul read ... (vt perf) qiri (E 'ara; Ir. qira) : impf. yiqra (yi'ra); vn qiraaya ..... ('iraaya) ready ... (adj) S HaaDer (Ir. HaaDHir); jaahiz (E gaahiz, #1) ........... (for action) mista9idd, musta9idd - to/for = l- reality ... (def n, m) il-waaqi9 (E *il-waa'i9) reason ... 1: (n, m: cause) sabab : pl. asbaab ........... (n, m: faculty) 9aql (E 9a'l; Ir. 9aqil) - /qaliil il-9aql/ ..... literaryism "brainless"; S /byirDax lil-9aql./ He'll listen to reason. ..... id Ir. /9aql-[pn suff] Taar./ X lost his (etc.) mind. rebel ... (v perf) E/Ir. (i)tmarrad (V.) : impf. yitmarrad; ap mitmarrad; vn ..... tamarrud rebellion ... (n, m) S/Ir. 9iSyaan : pl. -aat - S also /tamarrud/ receipt ... (n, m) waSl (Ir. waSil) : pl. wuSuulaat recently ... (adv) E min 'urayyib ........... S m'axxaran; mn @jdiid (*min jadiid); min muddeh qariibeh ........... Ir. axiiran; Hadiithan recommend (to) ... (v perf) waSSa (II.) : impf. yiwaSSi; vn Ir. tawSiya - S ..... /bti(q)der twaSSiini 9ala maT9am?/ Can you recommend a restaurant to ..... me? ; S (f) /tuuSyeh/ recommendation red ... (adj) aHmar : f. Hamra, pl. Humr (Ir. Humur) refer to, allude to ... (v phr) S shaar (impf. *i/u) l(a)-; ashaar (IV., vn ..... ishaara) l(a)- ........... Ir. shaar (impf. y@shiir; vn ishaara) ila referendum ... (n, m) istiftaa' : pl. istifta'aat reflect ... (v perf) S 9akas (Ir. 9ikas) : impf. yi9kis (Syr. S yi9kos); vn ..... 9aks (Ir. 9akis) reflection ... (n, m) E in9akaas (*in9ikaas) : pl. -aat; S xyaal : pl. -aat reform ... (n, m) iSlaaH : pl. -aat refridgerator ... (n, f) tillaaja (E tallaaga; Ir. thallaaja) : pl. ..... tillaajaat (tallagaat; thallaajaat) ........... S also barraadeh : pl. barraadaat refuge ... (n, f) E/Ir. ma'wa : pl. ma'aawi (Ir. also ma'waat) ........... E also manga ("haven") : pl. manaagi refuse, turn down ... (v perf) rafaD (Ir. rufaDH) : impf. E yirfuD, S yirfoD ..... (Ir. *yurfuDH, 3 pl. yrufDHuun) - + impf., "refuse to"; + /l-/ refuse ..... sb (for st = direct object) regardless of ... (prep phr) S b-Sarf @n-naZar 9an ........... Ir. b-raghum min (or 9an), raghman 9an regular ... (adj) S 9aadi; Ir. (i)9tiyaadi, 9aadi, (paced steady) muntaDHam regularly ... (adv) b-intiZaam (Ir. b-intiDHaam) relationship ... (n, f) 9alaaqa (E 9ilaaqa) ........... S also qaraabeh (Ir. garaaba "kinship"!), used e.g. in inquiries relatively ... (adv) nisbiyyan relevant ... (adj) S mit9alleq bil-mawDuu9 reliable ... (adj eq) S yu9tamad 9aleeh; (of source) mawsuuq fi- ........... Ir. 9alee[h] 9timaad; (of source) mawthuuq b- relic ... (n, m) E asar : pl. asaar religion ... (n, m) diin : pl. adyaan - adj /diini/ of religion, religious remark ... (n, f) mulaaHaZa (Ir. DH pro Z) remember ... (v perf) (i)tzakkar (V.; Ir. dh pro z, often tdh > dhdh) : ..... impf. yitzakkar; ap *mitzakkir (Lit-st. mutazakkir) ........... E also zakar (Ir. dhikar) : impf. yuzkur; vn zikr = to recall; ..... keep in mind (+ Ir., speak of, look back to in speech or text) remind ... (v perf) zakkar (Ir. dhakkar; II.) : impf. yizakkir ..... (ydhakkir); vn tazkiir (tadhkiir) - with prep /b-/ = (remind) of rent ... 1: /give for rent/ (v perf) ajjar (E aggar; II.) - at least in Ir. ..... with a direct person & the object rented with /l-/ ........... 2: /hire for oneself/ (v perf) ajjar; ista'jar (*X.) repair ... (n, m) taSliiH : pl. -aat - Ir. also /ta9miir/ ........... (v perf) S/Ir. SallaH (II.) : yiSalliH; vn taSliiH repeat (action, word) ... (v perf) 9aad : impf. yi9iid; vn Ir. i9aada ........... karrar (II.) : impf. yikarr/ar, -ir; vn takriir repetition ... (n, m) E/S tikraar (= takriir) report to sb ... (v phr) S 9aTa (impf. ya9Ti) xabar 9an; xabbar (II.) 9an reporter ... (n, m) muxbir : pl. -iin ........... (correspondent) muraasil : pl. -iin represent ... (v perf) massal (E massil; Ir. th pro s) : impf. yimass/al, ..... -il; vn tamsiil ........... (symbolize) E *rimiz (Ir. rimaz) : impf. yirmiz; vn ramz (ramiz) ..... - takes an indirect object, with the prep /ila/; represent with = /b-/ require ... (v perf) S/Ir. (i)TTallab (V.) : impf. yiTTalleb; vn taTallub ........... (in bureaucracy) S shtaraT : impf. yishtareT; vn ishtiraaT ........... Ir. Tilab : impf. yuTlub; vn Talab research; - work, paper ... (n, m) baHs : pl. abHaas (E also buHuus) resemble ... (v perf) shaabah (E shaabih; III.) : impf. yishaabih (E alt. ..... yishb-ih, -ah); ap (E) mushaabih; vn mushaabaha (E mushabha, = shabah) ........... E also Daara9 (III.) : impf. yiDaari9; ap muDaari9 ........... Ir. also shibah : impf. yishbah; vn shabih (= shabah, nm) reserved, taken ... (adj) maHjuuz (E maHguuz); S (#1) ma'xuud (Ir. ma'xuudh) resistance ... (n, f) muqaawama (E muqawma) - S /maa warja ayy @mqaawameh./ ..... Ir. /ma-bayyan ay muqaawama./ He didn't put up any resistance. resourcefulness ... (n, f) E laHlaHa - id /ir-riz'@ yHibb il-laHlaHa./ ~ ..... Fortune favours the clever. respect, esteem ... (n, m) iHtiraam - /(i)Htiraaman/ out of respect (Ir.) responsibility ... (n, f) mas'uuliyya : /(i)tHammal il-m./ he took the ..... responsibility; E/Ir. /mas'uul/ answerable, responsible (for = /9an/) rest ... (n: remainder) baaqi, baqiyya (E baa'i, ba'iyya) - E /ba'iit, ..... ba'iyyit/, S /baqiit/, Ir. /baqiyyat/ + def n = "the rest of the ..." ........... (repose, break) raaHa (f) ........... (vi perf) (i)rtaaH : impf. yirtaaH; vn raaHa; (to take a rest) ..... (i)staraaH (X.) : impf. yist(i)riiH, Ir. alt. yistaraaH (= E ..... istarayyaH : impf. yistarayyaH) ........... (rest on, rely on) S: simply n (+ "is" omitted) + 9al-[pn suff] ........... Ir. wuga9 (impf. yooga9) 9ala ........... (vt perf: give some - to) rayyaH : impf. yirayyiH (E yirayyaH) resurrection ... (n, f) qiyaama (E 'iyaama) - /yoom il-q./ Judgment Day retroactive ... (adj) raj9i (E rag9i) return ... (vi perf: go back) riji9 (E g pro j) : impf. yirja9; vn rujuu9 ........... (vt perf: give back) rajja9 (E g pro j) : impf. yirajja9 revenge ... (n, m) intiqaam (E inti'aam) rhetorical ... (adj) balaaghi rich ... (adj) ghaani (pl. aghniya, ighniya) ........... Ir. zangiin (pl. zanaagiin) ........... Ir. (#2) thari (pl. athriyaa') - used of a family, for example ride ... (n, f) rikba : pl. rikbaat - /rakkab : yirakkib/ to give sb a lift ridiculous ... (adj) S muDHiq (= E midaHHik, mudaHHik?) rifle ... (n, f) bunduqiyya (E bundu'iyya) : pl. banaadiq (banaadi') right ... (adj) yamiin (right-hand; Ir. f yimna); SaHiiH (correct) - S/Ir. ..... /b-kaamil 9aql-[pn]/ in one's - mind; S /9amal @sh-shii l-maZbuuT/ he ..... did the right thing right, to the - ... (mot adv) 9a-l-yamiin right, legal - ... (n, m) Haqq (E/local S Ha'') : pl. Hquuq (Hu'uu') - S ..... /@l-Haqq ma9ak./ Ir. /l-Haqq wiyyaak./ You (sg.) are right. risk ... (n, f) muxaaTara (E short. *muxaTra) ........... (v perf) xaaTar (III.) : impf. yixaaTar - Ir. /xaaTar ib-Hayaata ..... Hatta.../ He risked his life in order to... rocket ... (n, m) Saaruux (E Saruux) : pl. Sawaariix (Sawariix) - Ir. ..... /Saaruux muwajjah/ guided missile roll (around) ... (vi perf) S/Ir. (i)tdaHraj (or td > dd) : impf. yitdaHraj ........... E itda'lig (4-rad.) : impf. yitda'lig; ip mitda'lig romantic love ... (pl, f) gharaamiyyaat (in Ir. also "romantic interest") roughly, approximately ... (adv) Hawaali rove, travel around ... (v perf) Ir. tnaqqal (V.) : impf. yitnaqqal rule, regulation ... (n, f) qaa9ida : pl. qawaa9id ........... Ir. also niDHaam (m) : pl. anDHima rule (over), govern ... (v perf) Hakam (Ir. Hikam) : impf. yuHkum (Syr. S ..... yiHkom); vn Hukm (Ir. Hukum) "reign, rule" - Ir. /ija lil-Hukum/ he ..... came into power; /Saar-la bil-Hukum/ he has been in power ........... S also: SayTar (impf. yiSayTar) 9ala ruler ... (n, f: instrument) misTara (Ir. maSTara) : pl. masaaTir (maSaaTir) rumour ... (n, f) ishaa9a : pl. ishaa9aat (E isha9aat) run ... (v perf) E giri : impf. yigri; vn gari, *giraaya - the Ir. cognate, ..... /jira/ is used only of liquids ........... S rakaD (Ir. DH pro D) : impf. yurkuD; vn rakD ........... (- away) harab (Ir. hirab) : impf. yuhrub; vn huruub ........... (of engine) mishi (Ir. misha) : impf. yimshi ........... (- out) xalaS (Ir. xilaS) : impf. yixlaS (Syr. yixloS) ........... nafad (Ir. nifadh) : impf. yinf/ad, -od (Ir. yinfadh); vn nafaad sacred, holy ... (adj) muqaddas safe ... 1: (adj) saliim (var. saalim) : also adv "safely" (= b@-salaama) ........... (e.g. - for camping) ma'muun (Ir.) ........... 2: (phr) b-amaan - id /Saagh saliim, Saghlam/ "safe and sound" safety ... (n, f) salaama (S salaaweh) ........... amaan; makaan amiin (S amniyyeh, f) : /id-dinya amaan./ It's ..... safe. All is well. sail ... (n, m) Ir. shraa9 : pl. -aat - adj /shraa9i/ pertaining to sailing ........... (v perf: set -) S/Ir. abHar (IV.) : impf. yibHir; vn ibHaar saint ... (Chr.: n, m) qiddiis : pl. qiddiisiin salary ... (n, m) S ma9aash; maahiyeh (f); Ir. raatib : pl. rawaatib sale, discount ... (n, m) xaSm, xaSim (Ir. xaSum) saliva ... (n, m) buzaaq (E buzaa'; = S #1 ryaaleh, f) same ... (eq) S nafs (+ def n); zaat (+ def n); (alike) mitl ba9D-[pn suff] sample ... (n, f) E 9ayyina (in Ir. read as /9iina/, meaning "the cream of ..... the crop") ........... S 9ayyineh, 9aayneh : pl. 9aaynaat; maSTara : pl. maSaaTer ........... Ir. namuudhaj (*m) : pl. namaadhij sand ... (n, m) raml (Ir. ramuL) : pl. rimaal - adj /ramli/ sandy sarcastic ... (adj) mithakkim (pl. mithakkimiin) ........... S also tahakkumi (f. -yyeh, mpl. -yyiin) satisfactory ... (adj) murDi (Ir. murDHi) Saturn ... (pr n, f: astr.) zuHal - id E /nahaaru zuHal./ = He's having an ..... unlucky day. save, rescue ... (v perf) S/Ir. najja (II.) : impf. yinajji; ap minajji - vn ..... of Form I /najaat/ "deliverance, escape" ........... Ir. (#1) anqaDH (IV.) : impf. yunquDH; vn inqaaDH save up ... (v perf) waffar (II.) : impf. yiwaffar ........... (slang, "put away") Ir. DHamm : impf. yDHumm; vn DHamm Save your breath. ... (phr) S bala Haki. ........... Ir. la-tta99ib nafsak. (to f, la-tta99bi nafsik.) saving(s) ... (n, m) S/*E wafr : pl. wufuraat ........... Ir. tawfiir : pl. muddaxaraat say ... (v perf) qaal (E 'aal; Ir. gaal) : impf. yiquul (yi'uul; yguul); vn ..... qawl ('ool; gawl) - phr E /fi-shar9@ miin?/ Says who? ; S /@j-jaraayed ..... maa qaalu shii 9anna./ The papers didn't say a thing about it. ........... (ptcl/adv: "You mean to say..?") Ir. qaabil saying, dictum ... (n, m) qool, 'ool (Ir. qawl) : pl. aqwaal, a'waal scarce ... (adj) S (q)aliil - adv /anjaq; bil-kaad/ scarcely, barely ........... Ir. naadir; (with v) qall : impf. yqill - /bil-kaad/ scarcely scissors ... (a pair of -: n, m) E/S maqaSS : pl. -aat ........... Ir. mugaS : pl. mugaSSaat; mgaSS : pl. -aat, mgaaSiiS scoundrel ... (n, m) E 9akruut; raagil duun ........... S/Ir. saafil : pl. -iin, Ir. safala scratch ... (v perf) E xarbish (4-rad.) : impf. yixarbish; vn xarbasha ........... Ir. shixaT : impf. yishxuT; (scrape) xaddash (II.) sea ... (n, m) baHr (Ir. baHar) : pl. biHaar (S [not Jord.] buHuur, bHuur) secret ... (adj) sirri (S also muxfi) - Ir. euphemism (f) /(i)l-9aada ..... s-sirriyya/ = masturbation ........... (n, m) sirr : pl. asraar secular ... (adj) 9ilmaani secularism ... (n, f) !9almaaniyya (< Lit.) sedative ... (n) musakkin : pl. musakkinaat seduce, allure ... (v perf) aghra (IV.) : impf. yighri; ap mughri; vn ..... ighraa' see ... (v perf) shaaf (1 pl. shufna) : impf. yishuuf; vn shoof - pass. ..... /inshaaf : yinshaaf/ (VII.) "to be seen; to be worth seeing" see (to it) that ... (eq) Ir. (i)t'akkad min an (+ impf.) seem ... (vi perf) bayyan (II.) : impf. yibayyin - E /iZ-Zaahir (inn-).../ = ..... S /@Z-Zaaher inno.../ It seems that...; see also /apparently/ seldom ... see /rarely/ select ... (v perf) ixtaar : impf. yixtaar; vn ixtiyaar "selection, option" ........... (pick out, choose) S naqqa (II.) : impf. yinaqqi ........... Ir. stanga (*X.) : impf. yistangi; pp mistanga; imprt m istangi! ........... (elect, - for) (i)ntaxab (VIII.) : impf. yintixib; vn intixaab self-sufficiency ... (n, m) E il-iktifaa' iz-zaati selfish ... (adj) anaani sell ... (v perf) baa9 (1 pl. *bi9na) : impf. yibii9; pp mabyuu9; vn bee9 - ..... pass. /inbaa9 : yinbaa9/ (VII.) "to be sold" (in E also /itbaa9/) seller, vendor ... (n, m) bayyaa9 (S var. biyyaa9) : pl. -iin Semitic ... (adj) saami (f. *saamiyya) send (out), dispatch ... (v perf) E/S ba9at (Ir. bi9ath, rare) : impf. ..... yib9at; imprt S b9aat! - for = /wara/ ........... Ir. dazz : impf. ydizz; vn dazz - /dazzooha bil-bariid./ They ..... sent it in the mail. sentence, phrase ... (n, f) jumla (E gumla) : pl. jumal (gumal) separately ... (adv) S la-waHd-[pn suff] (for Lit. munfaSilan) ........... Ir. 9ala Hida ........... E firda "in segregation, apart (from others)" seriously, in earnest ... (adv) E bi-gadd, min gadd; Ir. jiddiyyaat setback ... (n, f) S dafsheh la-wara : pl. dafshaat la-wara severely ... (adv) S b-shaddeh sex ... (n, m: both m-ings) jins (E gins) - adj /-i/ of species; sexual; E ..... /itmaaris ig-gins/ he had sex with someone (reciprocal verb Form VI.) shadow ... (n, m) S/Ir. xayaal : pl. -aat ........... Syr. S (not in set phr-s) Zill (Ir. DHill "shading") : pl. ..... aZlaal Shame on you! ... (phr, to m) E/Ir. 9eeb 9aleek! ; E ixS@ 9aleek! ixSiih! shave ... (n, f) Hilaaqa (E Hilaa'a) : pl. Hilaaqaat (Hila'aat) shelf ... (n, m) raff : pl. rufuuf (E var. urfuf) shepherd ... (n, m) S/Ir. raa9i : pl. ru9aat (Ir. also ri9yaan) shiny ... (adj) S lam9i; Ir. lammaa9 ship, boat ... (n, f) E safiina (S sfiineh) : pl. sufun ........... Ir. baaxira : pl. bawaaxir shirt ... (n, m) qamiiS (E 'amiiS) : pl. qumSaan ('umSaan) ........... Ir. (#1) thoob : pl. thiyaab shop ... (n, m) dukkaan : pl. dakaakiin (Ir. dukaakiin) ........... E (#1) maHall : pl. -aat shopping ... (n, m) tasawwuq (E *tasawwu') : vn of /(i)tsawwaq/ "he went ..... shopping" (synonymous E verb /badda9 : yibadda9/) ........... S taswiiq, tabDii9; Ir. miswaag short ... (adj) E 'uSayyar (mpl -iin) ........... S qaSiir (mpl quSaar, qSaar); (not enduring) d9iif ........... Ir. gSayyir; (text etc.) naaqiS short cut, detour ... (n, m) S Tariiq @mqaaTa9a : pl. Turuq @mqaaTa9a ........... Ir. Tariiq muxtaSar : pl. Turuq muxtaSara short-tempered ... (adj) E xila'i, xula'i (' < q); Ir. 9aSabi should, ought to ... E subj + /mafruuD (inn-[pn suff])/ + bare impf.; ..... (hinting at "good form") /Ha''/ + bare impf. - /ma kansh@ mafruuD ..... yiruuH./ He shouldn't have gone. ........... S (pres) /laazim/ + bare impf.; (pres neg) /laazim maa/ or /maa ..... laazim/ + bare impf. "I, you, etc. shouldn't"; (past) /kaan laazim ..... (inn-[pn suff])/ + bare impf. "I, you, etc. should have; ought to ..... (have already)" - /maa kaan laazim tsaddiqa./ You shouldn't have ..... believed it. id /shu bi9arrefni?/ How should I know? /binSaH-ak tiqra ..... hal-@ktaab/ you should read this book ........... Ir. (invar ptcl) yinbighi (+ impf.); esp. in subordinate clauses ..... simply the bare impf., as in /iT-Tabiib gaal inna yibqa iS-SubuH bila ..... akil./ "The doctor said he should go the morning without eating." shoulder ... (n, m) kitf (for Lit. katf; Ir. chitif) : pl. aktaaf (chtaaf) ......... vs. possible dual *kitfeen, *katfeen show, present with ... (v perf) E/Pal. S warra (II.) : impf. yiwarri; ap ..... miwarri; vn tawriyya ........... Syr. S warja : impf. yiwarji; farja : impf. yifarji (= E farrag ..... : impf. yifarrag) ........... Ir. raawa (III.) : impf. yiraawi; vn muraawa'a - the person that ..... st is shown to can be a direct object, as in /ana ba9deen araawiik!/ ..... (threatening) I'll show you (yet)! ........... (- the way) E/S dall : impf. yidill, yidull; vn dalaala ........... Ir. dalla (II.) : impf. ydalli; vn tdilli - the person who is ..... guided is also a direct object (= pn suff); arshad (IV.) : impf. ..... yirshid (yrishd-) - the person as direct object, the route with /9al/ ........... (play at a cinema) 9araD (Ir. 9iraDH) : impf. yi9riD (yi9raDH); ..... vn *9urD (9ariDH, 9uruDH) show business ... (n, m) !9aalam il-masraH (< Lit.) shower ... (n) S/Ir. duush : pl. dwaash, duushaat shut up, be quiet ... (v perf) E hass : impf. yihuss; vn hass, hasasaan ........... S xiris : impf. yixras; vn xaras; imprt. xraas! ........... Ir. sikat : impf. yuskut; vn sukuut; imprt. uskut! (var. iskut!) ........... Ir. #2 (polite-ish) ximad : impf. yuxmud; vn xumuud shy ... (adj) E maksuuf (Ir. "eclipsed"!); Ir. xajuul side ... (adj) S jannaabi, jaanibi; Ir. jaanibi - S /baab jannaabi/, Ir. ..... /baab jaanibiyya/ side door ........... (n, f) E naHya (Ir. naaHiya "facet") : pl. nawaaHi ........... Syr. S Taraf (elsewhere "edge") : pl. aTraaf ........... S/Ir. Soob, Sawb (m) : pl. aSwaab ........... S/Ir. jiha (f) : pl. jihaat ........... (- of the body) S/Ir. xaaSra (f) : pl. xawaaSir ........... (abstract) S/Ir. jaanib : pl. jawaanib - Ir. /aani min ..... jaanibkum./ I'm on your (pl.) side. sidewalk ... (n, m) raSiif : pl. arSifa sigh ... (n, f) tanhiida - rel-d v perf S /tnahhad/ (V.) "he sighed" sign language ... (n, f) !lughat iS-Summ (< Lit.) signature ... (n, f) E/S imDa : pl. imDa'aat (S imDayaat) ........... S/Ir. tawqii9 (m) : pl. tawaaqii9 similar ... (adj) mushaabih (Ir. also shabiih) simultaneous ... (adj) E !mutazammin (< Lit.); S aani (< #'-w-n); Ir. ..... *b-fadd laHDHa, *b-wakit-[pn suff] sing ... (v perf) ghanna (II.) : impf. yighanni; vn !ghinaa' (Ir. ghina) ........... (of birds) E za'za' : impf. yiza'za'; vn za'za'a, tiza'zii' ........... Ir. gharrad (II.) : impf. ygharrid single, unmarried ... (adj/n) E/Ir. a9zab (f, -a); S 9azzaabi (f, -yyeh) singular (form) ... (n, m: gram.) mufrad sink ... (n, m: basin) E/S HooD, HawD : pl. aHwaaD ........... Ir. maghsala (f), maghsal (m) : pl. maghaasil ........... (vi perf: go under) ghiriq (Ir. ghirag) : impf. yighraq (etc.); ..... vn gharaq ........... (of car etc.) S nizil : impf. yinzil; vn nuzuul ........... Ir. TumaS : impf. yuTmuS; vn TamuS ........... (vt perf) gharraq (Ir. gharrag; II.) : impf. yigharriq (etc.); ..... vn taghriiq (Ir. tghirrig) situation ... (n, m) E/S waD9 : pl. awDaa9 ........... S/Ir. mawqif : pl. mawaaqif size ... (n, m) Hajm (E Hagm; Ir. Hajim) : pl. aHjaam, (Ir. also) Hujuum ........... (of clothes) E ma'aas; Ir. qiyaas ski ... (v perf) E itzaHla' (Ir. g pro ') : impf. yitzaHla'; vn tazaHlu' ........... S 9imil skii : impf. yi9mal skii skill ... (n, f) mahaara : pl. mahaaraat - S also baraa9a : pl. baraa9aat skilled, adept ... (adj) E/Ir. maahir (pl. mahara) skin ... (n, m) jild (E gild; Ir. jilid) skyscraper ... (n, f) S naaTHet saHaab : pl. naaTHaat saHaab ........... Ir. naaTiHat is-saHaab : pl. naaTiHaat is-saHaab slander ... (v perf) S/Ir. sabb : impf. yisibb; vn sabb, masabba slavery ... (n, f) 9ubuudiyya sleep ... (v perf) naam (1 pl. nimna) : impf. yinaam; ap naayim; pp manuum; ..... vn noom - E /SaHHiih iza ka(a)n naayim./ Wake him up if he is asleep. sleeping pill ... (n, m) munawwim : pl. -aat slippery ... (adj) E mimazla'; Ir. zalag slowly ... (adv) E bi-shweesh; S 9ala mahl-[pn suff], shwai shwai; Ir. ..... yawaash - Ir. /9ala keef-[pn suff]/ = mindfully sluttish ... (adj) E daa9ir (f. da9ra) small ... (adj) E Sughayyar (f. -a, pl. -iin) ........... S z(a)ghiir (f. -a, pl. z(u)ghaar) ........... Ir. Sghayyir (pl. Sghaar) smell ... (intr phr eq: - like) S n/pn + riiHat-[pn suff] + adj ........... Ir. (v phr) niTa riiHa (riiHat + n) : impf. yinTi riiHa (") ........... (vt perf: - st) shamm : impf. yishimm; vn shamm ........... Ir. (#1) shtamm (*VIII. anom.) : impf. yishtamm; vn shtimaam smoke ... (n, m) duxxaan ........... (v perf) daxxan : impf. yidaxxin; vn tadxiin "(act of) smoking" ..... (Ir. also tdixxin) smuggling ... (n, m) tahriib - vt perf /harrab/ (II.) he smuggled sniff ... (v perf) shamsham (4-rad.) : impf. yishamshim; vn *shamshama (Ir. ..... tshimshim) snore ... (v perf) E shaxxar (II.) : impf. yishaxxar; vn tashxiir ........... S shaxar (Ir. shixar; "he snorted" in E!) : impf. yishxor (Ir. ..... yishxur); vn shxiir (Ir. shaxiir, shaxur) snow ... (n, m) S talj : pl. tluuj - (f) /nidfet talj (pl. nidfaat talj)/ a ..... snowflake ........... Ir. thalij : pl. thuluuj - /id-dinya da-tithlij/ it's snowing; ..... /thiljat/ it snowed so ... 1: (adv/subs: thus; such a thing) E kida; S heek, heeki; Ir. hiichi - ..... E /mish kida barDu?/ Isn't it so? S /heek (Haal) @d-dinyeh./ C'est la ..... vie. S /b-hash-shikl/ in this way, like so; S /bin-naader bitSiir heek ..... mas'aleh./ That (kind of a) thing happens rarely. ........... 2: (defining an adj) S hal-qadd; ... heek; adj + la-darajeh ........... Ir. hal-gadd ........... 3: (conj: in other words; in that case) E ummaal; S lakaan; Ir. ..... ya9ni ........... 4: (conj: in order for) Hatta - S /(la-)Hatta, minshaan, la-/ so ..... that, so as to ........... 5: (filler: well, hey) S Tayyeb; Ir. baqiyya so that, in such a way that ... (conj) E bi-Hees inn- society ... (n, m) mujtama9 (E g pro j; 2nd syllable stress also in Syr.) : ..... pl. mujtam(a)9aat sock ... (n, m) E sharaab : pl. sharabaat ........... S kalsa (f) : pl. kalsaat ........... Ir. takk jooraab : (a pair) jooraab : (several pairs) jwaariib solution, key ... (n, m) Hall : pl. Huluul some ... (adv w/ n) S kam; shwayyet; (ppl) ba9D (naas) ........... Ir. shwayya (no st cstr change); (ppl) ba9aDH (in-naas) ........... (approximately) Hawaali; Ir. Hawaali, fadd ........... (adj: - sort of) Ir. fadd somehow ... (phr/adv) S b-shii Tariiqa ........... Ir. b-shikil imnil-ashkaal; (in retrospect) b-Suura mniS-Suwar something ... (pn cpment) E Haaga ........... S/Ir. (ay) shii (Ir. fadd shii "[a piece of] st") - /haada gheer ..... shii./ This is something else. /fi shii 9am byighli./ Something's ..... afoot. (i.e., going on) sometimes ... (adv) aHyaanan (S also amraar) somewhere ... (adv) E/S ayy@ makaan; Ir. b-fadd makaan - E /hina walla hina/ ..... = in some place song ... (n, f) E/Ir. ughniya : pl. aghaani ........... S ghanniyyeh : pl. ghanniyyaat, ghanaani ........... Ir. (#1) ghunnuwwa, ghannuwwa : pl. ghunnuwwaat soon ... (adv) E ba9d@ shwayya ........... S (q)ariib, 9an (q)ariib - /abkar; b-waqt aqrab/ sooner ........... Ir. qariiban - /asra9/ sooner; /shgadd-ma ... asra9/ the sooner sorrow ... (n, m) E shagan : pl. shuguun, ashgaan; Huzn : pl. aHzaan ........... Ir. qahar (m), qahra (f); Hizin (m) : pl. aHzaan sort of, a ... (eq) noo9 min - S/Ir. /han-noo9 mn-il-/ this kind of sound ... (n, m) Soot (local S Sawt) : pl. aSwaat ........... (v perf) bayyan (II.) : impf. yibayyin; vn tabyiin (also Ir.) ........... S also Zaahar (III.) : impf. yiZaahir; vn Zhuur - /hash-shii ..... Zaahir ktiir ghariib./ That sounds very strange. spacecraft ... (n, f) E safiinit faDaa' : pl. safinaat faDaa' Spain ... (pr n, f) isbaanya (Ir. *aspaanya) Spanish ... (adj, n) isbaani (Ir. aspaani) : f. isbaaniyya (aspaaniyya) sparingly ... (adv) S b-iqtiSaad, b-tawfiir; Ir. b-iqtiSaad, b-tadbiir speak ... (v perf) E itkallim (V.) : impf. yitkallim; vn takallum ........... S Haka, aHka : impf. yaHki; vn Haki, Hikaaya - id /b-kill ..... Saraaha/ frankly speaking speak up ... (v phr) S 9alla (impf. yi9alli) SooT-[pn suff] (lit. "raise ..... one's voice") speaker ... (n, m) E/Ir. mitkallim, mutkallim : pl. -iin ........... Ir. (#1) muHaddith : pl. -iin specialty ... (n, m) ixtiSaaS : pl. -aat speech, address ... (n, m) xiTaab : pl. xiTaabaat - used in connection with .... vt perf /alqa/, IV. (he gave/held...) ........... S/Ir. also xuTba (f) : pl. xuTab spend ... (v perf: money) Saraf (Ir. Siraf) : impf. yiSrif (Ir. yiSruf); vn ..... *Sarf (Ir. Saruf) ........... (time) E 'aDDa : impf. yi'aDDi; vn *ta'Diyya ........... S qaDa (Ir. giDHa) : impf. yiqDi (yigDHi); vn +qadaa' (gaDHi) ........... S also maDDa (Ir. DH pro D) : impf. yimaDDi spherical ... (adj) kurawi split hairs ... (id) S (v phr) daqqaq (impf. yidaqqaq) tadqiiqaat ........... Ir. (v perf) daqdaq (4-rad.) : impf. ydaqdiq; vn tdiqdiq spoken language ... (n, f) S @l-lugha l-maHkiyyeh; lughat @l-Haki spontaneous ... (adj) E tilqaa'i - adv /tilqaa'iyyan/ spontaneously stain ... (n, f) E buTsha : pl. buTash ........... S/Ir. buq9a : pl. buqa9; laTxa : pl. laTxaat stair, step ... (n, f) Ir. darja : pl. darjaat staircase, stairs ... (n, m) E sillim : pl. salaalim; (coll.) darag ........... S/Ir. daraj : pl. draaj, (Ir.) darajaat stamp ... (n, m) Taabi9 : pl. Tawaabi9 ........... (postmark) S damghet bariid (f); Ir. Tamgha (f) : pl. Tamghaat start ... (vi/vt perf: begin) S bada (Ir. bida), bidi : impf. yibdi; vn ..... bidaaya, badi - adv phr Ir. /btidaa'an min-/ starting (from the moment ..... of); in abstract narrative, "st -ed to happen", often /Saar/ + n + ..... bare impf. ........... E ibtada (Ir. btida; VIII.) : impf. yibtidi; vn *ibtidaa' ........... (- an engine) shaghghal (II.) : impf. yishaghghil ........... S also mashsha (II.) : impf. yimashshi statement ... (n, m) taSriiH (Ir.) : pl. -aat, taSaariiH steal ... (v perf) saraq (E sara'; Ir. siraq) : impf. yusruq (E yisra'); vn ..... sarq, sariqa - pass. /(i)nsaraq : yins(i)riq/ (VII.) ........... Ir. (#1) baag : impf. ybuug; vn boog steel ... (n) S buulaad; Ir. fuulaadh step by step ... (phr) E daraga daraga; Ir. xuTwa xuTwa still ... (adv: ever) lissa (S lissaa-, lissaat- + pn suff) ........... Ir. la-zaal > la-yzaal (conjugated for person) [+ bare impf.] ........... (phr: even so) S ma9 haada, b@r-rajm min heek; Ir. ma9a haadha stomach, abdomen ... (n, f) baTn (Ir. baTin) : E /baTni bitumghuS ..... (9alayya)./ My stomach hurts. stone ... (n, m: single or material) Hajar (E Hagar) : pl. aHjaar (aHgaar) ........... Ir. #1 Hjaara (f) : pl. Hjaaraat : coll. Hjaar (m) ........... Ir. #3 nuwaaya : pl. nuwaayaat : coll. nuwa Stone Age, the ... (pr n, m) il-9aSr il-Hajari (E *-Hagari) stork ... (n, m) laqlaq (Ir. laglag) : pl. laqaaliq (lagaalig) storm ... (n, f) E/Ir. 9aaSifa : pl. 9awaaSif - /9aaSifa ramliyya/ sandstorm ........... S 9aaSfeh : pl. 9awaaSef; zooba9a, zawba9a : pl. zawaabe9 (= E ..... "large whirlwind or tornado"; also appearing in E id /zawba9a ..... f-fingaan/ = a storm in a teacup!) story ... (n, f) qiSSa : pl. qiSaS; Hikaaya (S Hkaayeh) : pl. -aat ........... Ir. saaluufa : pl. -aat, suwaaliif; Hchaaya : pl. -aat straight ahead ... (adv) E Tawwaali; E/S dughri, 9ala Tuul; Ir. gubaL street ... (n, m: avenue) shaari9 : pl. shawaari9 ........... Ir. also darub (add-ly means "way, direction") : pl. druub - ..... /idha darb-[pn suff] 9a-l-[n].../ In case (I, you, etc.) go by the... stuck, jammed ... (adj eq) S 9alqaan; rookab; (typ. expressed with v) 9@laq ..... (habitual impf. byi9laq) = Ir. Tumas (impf. yuTmus), nHiSar (yinHaSir) student ... (n, m) Taalib (f, Taaliba) : pl. Tullaab (f, Taalibaat) ........... tilmiiz, talmiiz (Ir. dh pro z) : pl. tala(a)miiz, tala(a)mza studying, study ... (n, f) diraasa - adj /diraasi/ study-related, academic stuff, things ... (pl, f) E Hagaat ........... E/S aghraaD (Ir. gharaaDH; both are normal broken f. plurals) stupid, idiotic ... (adj) E 9abiiT : f. 9abiiTa, pl. 9ubT ........... E/Ir. saxiif : pl. suxafa, suxafaa' - Ir., of ideas; qq. "idiot" ........... S ghashiim (in E/Ir. connotes "green, naive") ........... (foolish; S silly) ghabi : pl. aghbiyaa' ........... Ir. also baliid (pl. -iin, buladaa'); muxxsizz ("brainless") stupidity ... (n, f) ghabaawa (S ghabaaweh; S also Hamaaqa) subway, underground ... (n, m) E mitru; S meetro : pl. meetroyaat such ... see /so/ (1) suck, soak up, sip ... (v perf) maSS : impf. yimuSS; vn maSS (E #2 maSaSaan) sucker, fool ... (n, m) S mghaffal : pl. -iin sudden ... (adj) S/Ir. fujaa'i suddenly ... (adv) S/Ir. fuj'atan; E fag'a, fag'atan Sufism ... (pr n, f) S @S-Suufiyyeh suicide ... (n, m) intiHaar - adj /intiHaari/ suicide-related; suicidal summarize ... (v perf) Ir. lablab (4-rad.) : impf. ylablib; vn *tliblib summary, outline ... (n, m) E mugmal : pl. -aat; mulaxxaS : pl. -aat ........... S/Ir. xuLaaSa (f) : pl. xuLaaSaat; m(u)laxxaS (m) : pl. -aat summer ... (n) Seef, iS-Seef (Leb. S Sayf) : pl. aSyaaf - [Ir.] /Sayyaf ..... (ySayyif)/ he spent the summer; he put on summer clothes summer resort ... (n, m) E maSyaf (Ir. maSiif) : pl. maSaayif sunrise ... (n, m) S Tluu9 @sh-shams - at = /ma9(a)/ ........... Ir. shuruuq sunset ... (n, m) S ghruub @sh-shams ........... Ir. mughrub, mighrib (serves also as adv with def article) supernatural, the ... (eq-s) E xaarig lil-9aada (m); Ir. l-gheeb (def n, m) superstition ... (pl, f) E xuza9balaat (concept of/beliefs) ........... S (@l-)xuraafaat (= Ir. xuraafa, fsg. which in S stands for "a ..... singular superstitious belief") supplies, provisions ... (sg, f) S muuna; m9@ddaat (fpl) ........... Ir. ma'uuna, muuna (f); tajhiizaat (fpl); imdaadaat (fpl) surname ... (n, m) E ism il-gadd ........... S ism @l-9eeleh ........... Ir. laqab : pl. alqaab surprise ... (n, f) mufaaja'a (E mufag'a) : pl. mufaaja'aat - E adj ..... /fugaa'i/ surprising ........... Ir. also dahsha : pl. dahshaat ........... (vt perf) faaja (E faagi; III.) : impf. yifaaji (yifaagi) ........... Ir. also ad'hash (IV.) : impf. yid'hish (ydihsh-); vn dahsha surrealist ... (adj/*n) E siryaali (f. -yya, mpl. -yyiin) survive: be spared, escape ... (vi perf) E naga, nigi : impf. yinga, yingi; ..... vn nagaah, nagayaan ........... Ir. nija : impf. *yinja; vn najaat - from = /b-/ or /min-/ suspense ... (n, m) E tashwii' (= Ir. Hiira, f) sweat ... (n, m) 9araq, 9ara' (Ir. 9arag) Sweden ... (pr n) is-siweed - adj /siwiidi (f. -yya, pl. siwiid)/ Swedish swim ... (v perf) sabaH (E sibiH; Ir. sibaH) : impf. yisbaH; vn sibaaHa (Ir. ..... sibiH) ........... E also 9aam : impf. yi9uum; vn *9oom swing, seesaw ... (n, f) S marjuuHa (Ir. marjiiHa) : pl. maraajiiH swordfight ... (n, f) mubaaraza (E short *mubarza) syllable ... (n, m) maqTa9 (var. ma'Ta9 only in E) : pl. maqaaTi9 (ma'aaTi9) symbol ... (n, m) ramz (Ir. ramiz) : pl. rumuuz - adj /ramzi/ symbolic symmetry ... (n, m) tanaasuq - adj S /mitnaaseq/ symmetrical symptom ... (n, m) E 9araD (Ir. 9araDH) : pl. a9raaD (a9raaDH) ........... S 9aareD : pl. 9awaareD; (cultural) Zaahra (f) : pl. Zawaaher synagogue ... (n, m) E ma9bad yahuudi : pl. ma9aabid yahudiyya synonym ... (n, m: gram.) muraadif : pl. -aat syphilis ... (n, m) E tashwiish; zuhari (var. zuhri) ........... S sifles; zuhri; maraD afranji ........... Ir. fringi system ... (n, f) Tariiqa; isluub (m); (Ir.) niDHaam; (in medicine) jihaaz systematically ... (adv) S b-intiZaam, b-Suura mintaZameh; Ir. b-Suura ..... mnaDHDHama table ... (n, f) E TarabeeZa : pl. TarabeZaat ........... S Tooleh, Tawleh (Ir. Toola = "a stable"!) : pl. Tawlaat ........... Ir. meez, mieez : pl. myuuza take (for oneself; - st/sb sw) ... (v perf) axad, xad (Ir. dh pro d) : impf. ..... yaaxud (S yaaxod); vn *axd (Ir. axidh) - S (to msg) /xood naSiiHti./ ..... Take my advice. S /qaddeesh raHa taaxod?/ How long will it take? ........... (the sense "move" also) E wadda : impf. yiwaddi; vn tawdiyya ........... (- a transport) rakab (Ir. rikab) : impf. yirkab; vn rukuub ........... (last) Tawwal (II.) : impf. yiTawwil; vn taTwiil ........... S also: axad : impf. yaaxod; tHammal (V.) : impf. yitHammal Take care! ... (eq: familiar) E itwa''a! S iyyaak! (Take it) easy. ... (eq) S 9ala mahlak. ........... Ir. 9ala keefak. yawaash. la tdiir baal. take notes ... (v phr) E/S !dawwin mulaaHaZaat (< Lit.) ........... Ir. *qayyad mulaaHaDHaat; niqal (impf. yunqul) mulaaHaDHaat take one's time ... (eq v perf) (i)t'anna (V.) : impf. yit'anna; ap ..... *mit'anni; vn ta'anni taken, booked for ... (adj) maHjuuz (E maHguuz) ........... S (#1) ma'xuud (Ir. ma'xuudh) talent ... (n, f) mawhiba : pl. mawaahib - adj /mawhuub/ talented talkative ... (adj) E ghalabaawi; Ir. tharthaar tank, armoured - ... (n, f) dabbaaba : pl. dabbaabaat - Ir. /ratil ..... imn-id-dabbaabaat/ a column of tanks tape recorder ... (n, m) Ir. musajjil : pl. -aat taste ... (n, f: of food) E Ta9ma (S Ta9meh; = Ir. Ta9am, m) : pl. Ta9maat ..... (in all dialects) - E also /madaa'/ (msg, < #m-d-q) ........... (in things) zooq, zawq (Ir. dhawq; m) ........... (intr phr eq: it tastes) S n/pn + Ta9mit-[pn suff] + adj ........... (vt perf: sample) S daaq (E daa'; Ir. dhaaq, DHaag) : impf. ..... yiduuq (etc.); vn dawaqaan (Ir. dhooq, DHoog) tasteless ... (adj: flavourless) Ir. ma-bii[h] Ta9am ........... (in bad taste) Ir. ma-bii[h] dhawq technology ... (n, f) tiknulujya, taknulujya - adj E /tiknulooji/ teenager ... (n, m) muraahiq (f, muraahiqa) : pl. -iin (f, muraahiqaat) tell, relate ... (v perf) qaal (E 'aal; Ir. gaal) : impf. yiquul (yi'uul; ..... yguul); vn qawl ('ool; gawl) - Ir. /minu lli gal-lak?/ who told you? ........... E/S (#1) Haka, aHka (Ir. Hicha) : impf. yaHki (yiHchi); vn Haki ..... (Hachi), Hikaaya - pass. /inHaka : yinHaki/ "to be told" (Ir. cognate ..... /nHicha : yinHichi/ "to be said, uttered") ........... (esp-ly "narrate [a story]") E sarad (Ir. sirad) : impf. yisrid; ..... vn sard (Ir. sarid), saradaan tell apart ... (v + prep) Ir. farraq (impf. yfarriq) been tempting ... (adj) Ir. mughri tendency ... (n, m) Ir. mayl : pl. myuul - for = /l- (+ def art)/ tentative ... (adj) S/Ir. mabda'i - adv /-yyan/ initially; provisionally term, slang word ... (n, m) S/Ir. iSTilaaH : pl. -aat terrorism ... (n, m) irhaab terrorist ... (adj/n) irhaabi (f. irhaabiyya, mpl. irhaabiyyiin) test ... (n, m: in school, etc.) imtiHaan : pl. -aat testicle ... (n, f) E xaSya, xiSya; Ir. xuSwa : pl. xaSaawi, xiSyaan textbook ... (n, m) S ktaab diraasi : pl. *kutub diraasiyyeh ........... Ir. ktaab madrasi : pl. kutub madrasiyya ........... Ir. #2 ktaab muqarrar : pl. kutub muqarrara that ... (conj) inn-[pn suff] (Ir. ann-), as common also E inn@, S inno; (in ..... the phrase 'it's good/thank X that') illi - may also be omitted in S ..... after a uniform verb (e.g., /smi9t/) that, which ... (rel pn) illi, lli, Ir. (short) il- - only used of definites that is, id est ... (eq) ya9ni That'll be the day! ... (eq) E shillaah ya [repeat the v/phr]! the... the ... (phr) kull ma : E /kull(@) ma ykuun akbar, yikuun aHsan./ ..... The bigger the better. theft ... (n, f) sirqa (E sir'a; Ir. sariqa; = Ir. #1 booga) then, after that ... (adv) ba9deen ........... (in that case) E/S lakaan; Ir. la9ad theoretically ... (adv) naZariyyan (Ir. naDHariyyan) theory ... (n, f) naZariyya (Ir. DH pro Z; also faraDHiyya) there, -in ... (adv) E hinaak (S hniik; Ir. hnaak) - id S /maashi l-Haal./ ..... There it goes. Things are moving. ........... note also Ir. ghaad "yonder, over there"; hiyyaat- (+ pn suff) ..... "there X is/are!" there is/are ... (phr) E/S fiih, fii - E /ma fiish/, S /maa fi/ there is not ........... Ir. aku - /maaku/ there is not there was, has been ... (phr) E/S kaan fiih, kaan fii; Ir. chaan aku there will be ... (phr) E tib'a thereabouts ... (adv) Ir. dhiich il-aTraaf thievery ... (n, f) E luSuSiyya thing ... (n, f) E Haaga : pl. Hagaat; shee' (m) : pl. ashyaa' ........... S/Ir. shii (m) : pl. ashyaa' ........... (belongings) E/S aghraaD (Ir. gharaaDH), fpl ........... (occurrence) E 9amaliyya (f); S mas'aleh (f) : pl. masaa'el think; suppose ... (v perf) (i)ftakar (VII.) : impf. yiftikir - id /fikrak?/ ..... You think? ........... (suppose) Zann (Ir. DH pro Z) : impf. yiZunn; vn Zann thirsty ... (adj) 9aTshaan : f. 9aTshaana, pl. 9aTshaaniin this and that ... (id) E keet wi-keet (Ir., "such and such"); S ashkaal ..... w-alwaan; Ir. aku wil-maaku this kind of ... (phr) S han-noo9 min/imn threaten ... (vt perf) haddad, E haddid (II.) : impf. yihaddid; ap mihaddid; ..... pp muhaddad; vn tahdiid "threat" throne ... (n, m) E 9arf : pl. 9uruuf ........... S taxt : pl. t(u)xuut ........... Ir. 9arish, 9arsh : pl. 9uruush through ... (prep) min (E min; xilaal, min xilaal); (= from behind) min wara ..... (S); (via jurisdiction of) Ir. 9an Tariiq throw ... (v perf) E/S rama : impf. yirmi; vn rami ........... (= "give, send one's way") S/Ir. wajjah (II.) : impf. yiwajjih thumb ... (n, m) S/Ir. ibhaam : du. (+)-een : pl. [more common?] -aat tickle ... (v perf) E zaghzagh (4-rad.) : impf. yizaghzagh; vn zaghzagha ........... Ir. daghdagh : impf. ydaghdigh; vn daghdagha time ... (n, m: in general) waqt, wa't (Ir. wakit) : pl. awqaat, aw'aat ..... (awkaat) - (but) E/S /is-saa9a kaam?/ What time is it? ; S /Saar waqt ..... @l-.../ It's time for...; /qaddeesh @l-waqt bumruq 9ajaleh!/ How time ..... flies! Ir. /9uud tu9rufha b-wakit'ha./ You'll know it in good time ..... ("in it's time") - in S one uses /bil-waqt l-@mnaasib/ for the id "in ..... good time" ........... (= instance) maRRa (f) : pl. maRRaat (S also amraar) - (conj) ..... /kull@ ma, [S] kill ma/ every time that, whenever ........... (enough -, "a minute") Ir. farka (f) tire (of a vehicle) ... (n, m) E kaawitsh : pl. *-aat ........... S iTaar : pl. -aat; 9ajal : pl. a9jaal ........... Ir. taayar : pl. -aat today ... (adv) E innaharda (< @l-nahaar da); S/Ir. il-yoom together ... (adv) ma9a ba9D; sawa - note that the specifically reciprocal ..... Form VI. of the Arabic verb is the proper choice instead when the idea ..... of the action is interactive ("to do st with one another") toilet ... (n, m) mirHaaD (Ir. DH pro D) : pl. maraaHiiD ........... S also maThara : pl. maTaaher ........... Ir. also adabxaana (f) : pl. adabxaayin, adabxaanaat; Tahaara : ..... pl. Tahaayir ........... (euph.) S beet @l-mayy : pl. byuut @l-mayy; @l-Hammaamaat (fpl) toilet paper ... (n, m) E wara' tuwaliit; S waraq twaleet tolerant ... (adj) E/Ir. mitsaamiH tolerate ... (v + prep) Ir. tsaamaH (VI., impf. yitsaamaH) b- tomato ... (n, f) E TamaTma, TamaTmaaya : pl. TamaTmaat : coll. TamaaTim ........... E also 'uTaaya : pl. 'uTayaat : coll. 'uuTa ........... S banadooraayeh : pl. banadooraat : coll. banadoora ........... Ir. TamaaTaaya : pl. TamaaTaayaat : coll. TamaaTa tomato sauce ... (n, m) Ir. ma9juun TamaaTa tomorrow ... (adv) E/S bukra (S also 9a-bukra); Ir. baachir (/9tibaaran min ..... baachir.../ starting tomorrow...) too (much) ... 1: ("too ...": eq postp) E 9awi; S ktiir; Ir. (prep) kullish ........... 2: (standalone adv) ziyaada (S ziyaadeh) tooth ... (n, m) sinn : pl. sinaan (Ir. snuun) - S /ma9juun @snaan/ -paste ........... S also dirs (E Dirs, dirs "a molar") : pl. adraas (E Duruus) toothbrush ... (n, f) S furshaayet @snaan : pl. faraashi snaan topical, current ... (adj) S b-waqt-[pn suff]; Ir. b-wakit-[pn suff] toss ... (n, f) S *laHsha : pl. *laHshaat; Ir. gaTfa : pl. gaTfaat ........... (vt perf) S laHash : impf. yulHush; vn laHsh - another verb is ..... used for both "he tossed (would toss) the coin" = /fann (yifinn) ..... @frang/ and "he tossed the salad" = /tabbal @s-salaTa/ ........... Ir. shimar : impf. yushmur; vn shamur ........... Ir. #2 giTaf : impf. yugTuf; vn gaTuf - the S cognate is /qaTaf/ ..... "he picked, gathered"! touch ... (v perf) E lamas : impf. yilmas; vn lams - also locally in Ir., ..... with the reflexive side meaning "get the impression" ........... S daqar : impf. yidqor; vn daqr ........... Ir. gaas : impf. ygiis; vn gees; Taxx : impf. yTuxx; vn Tuxx tourism ... (n, f) siyaaHa tourist ... (n, m) saayiH : pl. suwwaaH towards ... (prep) E tigaah, tugaah ........... S naaH; (- people) tijaah; (in intent of) b-sabiil ........... Ir. b-ittijaah; 9ala ittijaah; (- people) wiyya; naHw towel ... (n, f) E fuuTa : pl. fuwaT, fiwaT ........... S minshafeh : pl. m@naashif ........... Ir. pashkiir (*m) : pl. pashaakiir; xaawli : pl. xaawliyyaat tradition ... (n, m) taqliid : pl. taqaaliid traditional ... (adj) taqliidi (E var. ta'liidi) traffic ... (n, m) muruur : /Daw il-muruur/ traffic light; /izdiHaam/ a ..... traffic jam [< #z-H-m]; /masduud/ closed to traffic (Ir.) ........... (Syr.) S seer - /Daww seer (pl. iDwiit seer)/ traffic light traitor ... (n, m) xaa'in : pl. xawana (Ir. also xwaana, xaa'iniin) transcript ... (n, f) Ir. nusxa : pl. nusax translate ... (v perf) tarjam (E g pro j; 4-rad.) : impf. yitarjim; pp ..... mutarjam; vn tarjama (pl. taraajim) "translation" trap ... (n, m) E sharak (= Ir. also "barbed wire") : pl. shiraak (Ir. ..... ashraak) ........... S faxx (Ir. fuxx) : pl. fxaax travel ... (n, f: trip, voyage) safra : pl. safraat (E safaraat), asfaar ........... (journey, -ing) safar (m) ........... (v perf) saafar, E saafir (III.) : impf. yisaafir; ap misaafir; ..... vn musaafara (E musafra, misafra) traveller ... (n, m) E/Ir. musaafir : pl. -iin treatment ... (n, f: handling) mu9aamala (E short. *mu9amla) ........... (to a disease) S/Ir. mu9aalaja (E *mu9alga) - < vt perf /9aalaj/ ........... Ir. also Tibb (m); tadaawi - rel-d trans. verb /daawa : ydaawi/ tree ... (n, f) shajara (E g pro j) : pl. shajaraat : coll. shajar (m) trendy ... (adj) E hawaa'i (f. hawa'iyya) tribe ... (n, f) qabiila (E 'abiila) : pl. qabaa'il, qabaayil ('abaayil) ........... Ir. (#1) 9ashiira : pl. 9ashaayir trip ... (n, m) S mashwaar : pl. mashawiir; Ir. safra (f) : pl. safraat trouble ... (n, f: difficult sit.) mushkila : in Ir. used merely in the sg. ........... (pl, f) E maSaa9ib ........... (predicament) warTa : pl. warTaat - /(i)twarraT/ he got into a - ........... (commotion) iZTiraab (Ir. (i)DHTiraab) ........... (psychic pressure) iz9aaj (E g pro j) : pl. iz9aajaat ........... (toiling) S ta9ab (*m; more or less = Ir. zaHma, f) : ..... /9a-ta9abna/ at our expense trust (in) ... (v perf + prep) E wasaq (impf. yasiq) fi : vn siqa ........... S twakkal (impf. yitwakkal) 9ala ........... Ir. withaq (impf. yithiq) b- : vn thiqa, wuthuuq try out, give st a go ... (v perf) jarrab (E garrab; II.) : impf. yijarrib ..... (yigarrib) tune, melody ... (n, f) E naghama (S naghmeh; Ir. naghma) ........... S (#2) daqqa : pl. *daqqaat turn ... (vi perf: take a turn) E indaar (VII.) : impf. yindaar; (for advice ..... etc.) itwaggih (V.) : impf. yitwaggih ........... S daar : impf. yiduur; vn dawaraan ........... Ir. ltifat : impf. yiltifit; (spin) ftarr : impf. yiftarr; (for ..... advice etc.) twajjah (V., *intr.) : impf. yitwajjah ........... (vt perf: - st) E/S lafat : impf. yilfit; vn *lafaat ........... S dawwar : impf. yidawwir; vn *t@dwiir ........... Ir. farr : impf. yfurr; vn farr - used e.g. of heavy objects ........... (- st around) S qalab (Ir. g pro q) : impf. yuqlub; vn Ir. galub ........... S qallab (Ir. g pro q; II.) : impf. yiqallib; vn *t@qliib - in ..... Ir. carries also the meanings "to stir" and "to rummage, poke around" turn into ... (vi perf) S Saar : impf. yiSiir; tHawwal : impf. yitHawwil ........... Ir. ngiLab (VII.) : impf. yingiLib; Saar : impf. ySiir turn over to, hand over to ... (vt perf) Ir. sallam : impf. yitsallim - ..... pass. (typically) /tsallam : yitsallam/ (V.) TV program ... (n, m) S barnaamij televizyooni : pl. baraamij ..... televizyooniyyeh TV series ... (n, m) E musalsal : pl. *-aat twice ... (adv) E (of time) marrateen ........... S (of time) marrteen; (other reference) b-marrteen - /aktar ..... b-marrteen/ twice as much ........... Ir. (of time) marrteen, noobteen; (of other) DHi9f type, sort ... (n, m) noo9 : pl. anwaa9; E Sanf (Ir. Sinif) : pl. aSnaaf umbilical cord ... (def n, m) E il-Habl is-surri; Ir. Habl (is-)surra umbrella ... (n, f) shamsiyya : pl. shamaasi (E/Ir. also shamsiyyaat) unconscious ... (adj eq) E ghaayib 9an il-wa9y, ghaayib faa'id il-wa9y ........... S muu wa9yaan; ghaayib ........... Ir. ghaayba ruuH-[pn suff] under, below ... (prep) taHt (Ir. taHat/taHt-; also jawwa) ........... (of age, etc.) duun (Ir.) under way ... (adj) S jaari (f jaaryeh) understand ... (v perf) fihim : impf. yifham; ap faahim; vn fahm - in S ..... stimes with a prep : /fhimt 9alayyi?/ Did you understand me? ........... Ir. (#1) (i)ftiham (VII.) : impf. yiftihim understandable ... (adj) !mutafahham (< Lit.) - in a more colloquial E ..... speech one might have /'aabil lil-fahm/ underwear ... (pl, f) E huduum daxliyya; malaabis daxliyya (< daaxiliyya) ........... S tiyaab taHtaaniyyeh; awaa9i taHtaaniyyeh, awaa9i juwwaaniyyeh; ..... libaas taHtiyyeh ........... Ir. huduum jawwaaniyya unemployed ... (adj) E mit9aTTal; S 9aaTel 9an @l-9amal, mbaTTel; Ir. 9aaTil unemployment ... (n, f) E biTaala (S baTaaleh); Ir. 9aTaala - usually ..... appears with the definite article unexpected ... (adj) S muu munTaZar (mpl muu -iin), muu b@l-Hasbaan unfortunately ... (adv) lil-asaf (S also: li-suu @l-Hazz) ........... Ir. (i)l-suu' il-HaDHDH; ma9a l-asaf; b-kull asaf unharmed ... (adj) S saalem; Ir. saliim, (as subj cpment) salaamaat (invar.) unique ... (adj) waHiid min noo9-[pn suff] universe ... (n, m) koon, kaun (il-) : pl. akwaan university ... (n, f) jaami9a (E gaami9a, gam9a) : pl. jaami9aat (gam9aat) - ..... adj jaami9i (E gaami9i) "academicus" unknown ... (adj) majhuul (E maghuul) - S also /mush ma9ruuf/ unless ... (conj) S illa iza; Ir. illa idha, (in stipulating) idha ma- unlike, contrary to ... (prep phr) S b-9aks; Ir. b-9akis, b-xilaaf unlikely ... (adj) mustab9ad (Ir. also mashkuuk "to be met with skepticism") until ... (conj) E lighaayit (lighaayit lamma = "up to the moment when"); ..... amma; 9ala ma ........... S Hatta (taa); Syr. S la, la-Hatta ........... Ir. ila an; (= before) lamma (in neg. commands: /la... illa ..... lamma.../) - /ma [perf] Hatta.../ one didn't... until... ........... (prep) Hatta; E lighaayit unusual ... (adj) S muu ma'luuf, gheer i9tiyaadi; Ir. ma-9tiyaadi (f, -yya) update ... (v perf) jaddad (E gaddad; II.) : impf. yijaddid (yigaddid) upper hand: have the - ... (eq) Ir. kaan mitmakkin - on = /9ala/ upside down ... (adj) S munqalib; Ir. bil-magLuub upstairs ... (adv) S fooq ("to" = la-fooq) - adj /fooqaani/; local ' pro q ........... Ir. foog, (motion to) li-foog - adj /foogaani/ urgent ... (adj) musta9jal (E mista9gil) urine ... (n, m) bool - v perf S/Ir. /baal : yibuul/ to urinate use ... (v perf) (i)sta9mal (X.) : impf. yista9mil; ap mista9mil; vn ..... isti9maal ........... (w/ IT devices) S/Ir. (i)staxdam (X.) : impf. yistaxdim used, second-hand ... (adj) E mista9mal (Ir. musta9mal) used to ... (adj + prep) S mit9awwed 9ala (+ n), mit9awwed + bare impf. ........... Ir. mit9awwid 9ala useful ... (adj) mufiid - Form IV. type ap, rel-d to vi perf /faad (yifiid)/ ..... "was of use" (in Ir. phrase /shinu l-faayda?/ What's the use?) ........... naafi9 - ap < /nafa9, Ir. nifa9 (yinfa9)/ "was useful" useless ... (adj) S maa-l-[pn suff] faaydeh; Ir. ma-bii-[pn suff] faa'ida usual ... (adj) i9tiyaadi (S also musta9mal) - S /mitl @l-9aadeh/ as usual usually ... (adv) 9aadatan ........... (for the most part) 9al-ghaalib vacant ... (adj) E faaDi; S faaDi, xaali; Ir. faarigh vaccine ... (n, m) E maSl (Ir. maSil) : pl. amSaal vagabond ... (n, m) E 9aTTaaT : pl. -a; S/Ir. mitsharrid : pl. -iin vague ... (adj) Ir. mubham; muu waaDHiH vaguely ... (adv) S b-@bhaam; Ir. muu b-wuDHuuH valley ... (n, m) waadi (waadii-) : pl. widyaan various ... (adj) muxtalif, mixtalif (f. muxtalfa) vary: alternate ... (v perf) E intransitive: itnawwa9 (V.) : impf. yitnawwa9 ........... E transitive: nawwa9 (II.) : impf. yinawwa9; vn tanwii9 ........... Ir. (i)xtilaf (VIII.) : impf. yixtilif; vn (i)xtilaaf vegetables ... (coll, m) xuDaar (= Ir. mxaaDHiir) vegetarian ... (adj/n) E/S nabaati (mpl. nabaatiyyiin) vein ... (n, m) wariid : pl. awrida (S awrideh) venereal diseases ... (pl, f) E amraaD tanasuliyya; amraaD sirriyya ........... Ir. amraaDH zuhriyya Venice ... (pr n, f) il-bunduqiyya - /q/ retained also in E Venus ... (pr n, f: astr.) Ir. iz-zuhara (S @z-zahra) verb ... (n, m) fi9l (Ir. fi9il) : pl. af9aal vertical ... (adj) 9amuudi (S var. 9aamuudi) very ... (adv) E giddan; 'awi; (extremely) bi-shakl ........... S ktiir; jiddan; (extremely) lil-ghaayeh ........... Ir. kullish; hwaaya (also "too much"); (extremely) lil-ghaaya veterinarian ... (n, m) E biTaar : pl. bayaTra - adj /biTari/ veterinary vicinity ... (n, m) qurb (E/local S 'urb) ........... Ir. manTiqa (f) - or as phr, /qariib minnaa'/ ("near from here") vicious circle ... (n, f) S Halqa mufragha victory ... (n, m) intiSaar : pl. -aat - synonyms: E fooz; S naSr, Zafar; ..... Ir. ghilba (f) : pl. ghilbaat village ... (n, f) qarya : pl. qura - with a /q/ sound surviving in both E ..... and local S dialects ........... S (#1) Dee9a : pl. Diya9 violence ... (n, f) 9unf violent ... (adj) 9aniif : f. 9aniifa, pl. 9aniifiin ........... S shadiid - rel-d nf /shiddeh/ force, strictness visit ... (v perf) zaar : impf. yizuur; vn ziyaara visual ... (adj) E mar'i; S/Ir. !baSari (< Lit.) vocabulary ... (pl, f) E mufradaat il-lugha ........... S mufradaat (in Ir., "retail items"!) voice ... (n, m) Soot (Leb. S Sawt) : pl. aSwaat ........... E/Ir. also Hiss : pl. Husuus voluntary ... (adj) E/Ir. ixtiyaari (S ihtiyaari) volunteer ... (v perf) S/Ir. (i)TTawwa9 (V.) : impf. yiTTawwa9 - for = /b-/ vomit ... (v perf) E itbawwa9 (V.) : impf. yitbawwa9 ........... S (i)stafragh (X.) : impf. yistafregh; raaja9 (III.) : impf. ..... yiraaje9; naTaq : impf. yinT/aq, -oq; vn nTaaq ........... Ir. zaa9 : impf. yzuu9; vn zoo9; zawwa9 (II.) : impf. yzawwi9 vote ... (v perf) SawwaT (Ir. t pro T; II.) : impf. yiSawwaT ........... S/Ir. also ntaxab, ntixab (VII.) : impf. yintxib, yintixib - ..... Ir. /(i)ntixab ila/ he voted for.. voter ... (n, m) S/Ir. naaxib : pl. -iin - /miiteen naaxib/ 200 voters ........... Ir. also muntaxib : pl. muntaxbiin vulva ... (n, m) Ir. farij : pl. fruuj; kuss : pl. ksaasa waddle ... (v perf) Ir. #1 (i)tda9bal (4-rad.) : impf. yidda9bal; vn tdi9bil ..... (in E/S one would expect *da9bala) ........... Ir. #2 (i)tdaHdaH (4-rad.) : impf. yiddaHdaH; vn tdiHdiH waist ... (n, m) E xaSr (Ir. xiSir) : pl. xuSuur wait (for) ... (v perf) (i)ntaZar (Ir. ntiDHar; VII.) : impf. yintiZir ..... (yintiDHir); ap muntaZir (mintiDHir) "(having) been waiting"; vn ..... intiZaar - /intiZirni barra./ Wait for me outside. ........... istanna (*X.) : impf. yistanna (2 pl. *tistannu); ap mistanni; ..... imprt istanna (pl. istannu) - /istanna bass!/ Just you wait! (to msg.) ........... (in phr "can't wait for") Ir. Subar (< Sabar-; "to jinx" in E!) ..... : impf. yiSbur ........... S baqa, in phr /hash-shaghleh fiiha tibqa!/ That thing can wait! waiting list ... (n, m) S qaa'imt iHtiyaaT wake up ... (vi perf) E/S SiHi : impf. yiSHa; ap SaaHi (also adj "wakeful, ..... alert"); vn SaHayaan ........... S/Ir. faaq : impf. yifiiq; vn fayaqaan (Ir. ifaaqa) - in S, ..... /SiHi/ is only used in the sense "to realize (absorb) the fact" ........... Ir. (#1) gi9ad : impf. yug9ud ........... Ir. (#3) Hass : impf. yHiss; vn Hass ........... (vt perf) S fayyaq (II.) : impf. yifayyaq; vn t@fyiiq ........... S (#2) SaHHa (II.) : impf. yiSaHHi; vn *taSHi/ya, -yi ........... Ir. ga99ad (II.) : impf. yga99id; vn tgi99id walk ... (n, m: -ing, stroll) mashi ........... Ir. mashya (f, st cstr mashiit-) ........... (vi perf) mishi : impf. yimshi; ap maashi; vn mashi wallet ... (n, f) maHfaZa : pl. maHaafiZ ........... S/Ir. also: jazdaan, jizdaan : pl. jaza(a)diin, (Ir.) jizdaanaat want ... (eq) E 9aawiz, 9aayiz (f 9awza, 9ayza, pl. 9awziin, 9ayziin) ........... S bidd-[pn suff] - past /kaan biddo, kunt biddi/ he -ed, I -ed ........... Ir. (actual v) raad : impf. yriid (ariid "I want"); vn iraada war ... (n, f) Harb (Ir. Harub, Harb) : pl. Huruub warehouse ... (n, m) maxzin (Ir. maxzan, also "a store") : pl. maxaazin warm ... (adj) daafi (vs. /dafyaan/, used in the context "Are you warm?") - ..... (Ir.) /Hafaawa/ (f) "a warm welcome" warranty ... (n, f) E Damaana : pl. -aat wash ... (v perf) ghasal (Ir. ghisal) : impf. yighsil; vn ghasl (Ir. ghasil) ........... (- oneself) E/S (i)tghassal (V.) : impf. yitghass/al, -il washing machine ... (n, f) ghassaala : pl. ghassaalaat wastebasket ... (n, f) S/Ir. sallat (il-)muhmalaat watch, wrist - ... (n, f) saa9a : pl. saa9aat (E sa9aat) - S /has-saa9a ..... maZbuuTa?/ Is this watch accurate? Watch out! ... (intj) S intabih! (to m), intabhi! (to f) waterfall ... (n, m) shallaal : pl. -aat waterproof ... (adj) S Didd @l-mayy (often w/ palatalization spread: DiDD -) ........... Ir. DHidd il-Maay wave ... (n, f) mooja (E mooga; sg. < coll. mooj, moog; m) : pl. also amwaaj ..... (E amwaag), moojaat (moogaat) weak ... (adj) Da9iif - E vi /Di9if, Du9uf (impf. yiD9af)/ "to become weak" weakness ... (n, m) S (abst.) Da9f, (a particular -) niqTet Da9f (f) : pl. ..... niqaT Da9f ........... Ir. nuqTat DHu9uf (f) : pl. *nuqaT DHu9uf weapon ... (n, m) silaaH : pl. asliHa weather ... (n, m) E gaww (Ir. jaww) ........... S TaqS, Ta's (Ir. Taqis); jaww ........... (cold -) Ir. barid weekend ... (n, f) E nihaayit il-usbuu9 ........... Ir. 9uTlat isbuu9 : pl. 9uTal asaabii9 Welcome. ... (eq) ahlan wa-sahlan. - S /laa shukran 9ala waajib!/ Ir. ..... /mamnuun!/ You're welcome! (said in response to a thanks) well ... (adv: properly) E kwayyis - intj /9afaarim!/ Well done! Bravo! ........... S mniiH, mliiH; Tayyib ........... Ir. zeen; (O.K.) Tayyib ........... (n, m: water-hole) E biir : pl. biyaar (E also abyaar) ........... (filler like "so") S Tayyeb; xeer wet ... (adj) mabluul (= Ir. mballil); (of paint) Tari (S) what about ...? ... (phr) S shuu Saar b-? / (w-...,) shuu Saar fi-[pn suff]? ........... Ir. sh'-ra'yak (-ik, -ukum) ib-? / shloonak (etc.) b-? - /ufruDH ..... ma-(+ impf.)/ Suppose that... whatever ... (pn cpment) S eeshmen, ashma (kaan); Ir. (i)sh-ma when ... 1: (adv, int) imta? emta? - E /'ul-lu yiigi imta./ Tell him when to ..... come. /9ala kaam?/ at what time? ........... Ir. shwakit? ........... 2: (conj) E lamma; S limma, lamma, lamman ........... 3: (adv/conj: once) E mata-ma (follows the subject); S lamma, ..... waqt, waqt-ma, waqt-@lli, Leb. wa'tin (occasionally follows subject); ..... Ir. min, 9ala athar - S /lamma byixloS @sh-shughul fiik @truuH./ When ..... the work is done you can go. [Note: This adv is semantically close to ..... "as soon as" = common /awwal-ma/.] whenever, every time ... (conj) kull@ ma (S kill ma) where, -in? ... (interr) E feen - /mineen/ from where? ........... S/Ir. ween (Leb. wayn) - /mneen/ from where? which? ... (int) (m) ayy, (f) ayya (S ayyeh) : /b-ayya saa9a?/ at what time ..... ("at which hour")? while ... (conj: when) E wi- (+ n/pn + ap "as X was -ing"), lamma; S limma, ..... asnaa'; Ir. min, w- (same as E), b-athnaa-ma ........... (as long as) maa-daam; Ir. ma-daam (also conj "since") ........... (whereas) amma (Ir. also bayna-ma) whine, moan ... (v perf) E naHH : impf. yiniHH; vn naHH, naHaHaan whip ... (n, f) E marzabba : pl. marzabbaat; Ir. qamchi (*m) : pl. qamaachi whisper ... (n, f) Ir. hamsa : pl. hamsaat ........... (v perf) S washwash (4-rad.) : impf. *yiwashwish; vn *washwasha ........... Ir. himas : impf. yihmis; vn hamis - reciprocal /thaamas/ (VI.) ........... Ir. #2 shaawar (III.) : impf. yshaawir; vn mushaawara - recipr. ..... /tshaawar/ (VI.) "he whispered to another" whistle ... 1: (n, f) Saafira : pl. Saafiraat (Ir.) ........... 2: (v perf) Saffar (II.) : impf. yiSaffar ........... Ir. Soofar / Sufar : impf. ySoofir / yuSfur; vn Soofra / Safur, ..... Safiir white ... (adj) abyaD (Ir. DH pro D) : f. beeDa (Leb. S bayDa), pl. biiD who? ... (pn, int) miin? (Ir. minu?) - Ir. /minu yihtamm? minu ydiir baal?/ ..... Who cares? whoever ... (pn cpment) S eemen; miinma (Ir. minu-ma) whose? ... (phr, int) E *bita(a)9 miin? ; S taba9 miin? ; Ir. maal man? why ... (int adv) E leeh? ; S leesh, laish? ; Ir. luweesh? leesh? ilweesh? ........... (filler: "ah, but") haa (Ir.) will, desire ... (n, f) iraada (S iraadeh) - /quwwat iraada/ willpower win over, persuade ... (vt perf) E istamaal (Ir. stimaal) : impf. yistimiil; ..... vn istimaala wind ... (n, f) riiH : pl. aryaaH ........... Ir. (and stimes S) hawa (*m) winter ... (n, m/f) shita : pl. (Ir.) shitaayaat ........... E also shitwiyya (= "winter season") : pl. shitwiyyaat winter resort ... (n, *m) mashta (mashtaa-) : pl. mashaati wish: I wish, if only ... (phr) S ya-reet, Ir. yaareet (= atmanna; yitmanna) witchcraft ... (n, m) siHr, siHir within ... (prep) E guwwa; Ir. (phys.) DHimin, (temp.) xilaal, b-xilaal without ... (prep) E min gheer; S biduun (or /bala/, semantic scope "sans; ..... away with[..!]"); Ir. (i)blayya, biduun - Ir. /l-ma-9ind-a/ anyone -.. ........... (conj: "- doing") E min gheer ma (+ impf.); Ir. blayya-ma (+ ..... impf.) wonder: I - (now if). ... (filler) ya tura, ya tara; Ir. 9ajaban (/sh-9ajab/ ..... I wonder why) word ... (n, f) kilma (Ir. chilma) : pl. kalimaat (chilmaat, chilam) - E/S ..... /kilma kilma/ word for word; id S /isma9 minni!/ Take my word for it! World War ... (pr n, f) il-Harb il-9aalamiyya worn-out, run-down ... (adj: of objects) Ir. mxaLgan worried ... (pp/adj) mahmuum worry about st ... (v phr) S shighil baal-[pn suff] 9ala worse ... (elat adj) S al9an - /al9an min kill marra/ worse than ever ........... Ir. amarr; adwan; aswa; angas; (poorer, more inferior) arda - ..... /min sayyi ila aswa/ from bad to worse worst ... (eq-s) S a9Tal; anHas; al9an; aswa ........... Ir. aswa; angas; at9as; (as noun) aswa shii - /b-at9as ..... il-Haalaat/ at worst worth: be worth(while) ... (eq v perf) E: use impf. (yiswa) of +/sawa/ ........... S Haraz : impf. yiHrez - /btiHrez @l-ghalabeh./ It's worth the ..... trouble. /l-@ktaab byiHrez yinqara?/ = /l-@ktaab btiHrez @qraayto?/ Is ..... the book worth reading? ........... Ir. siwa : impf. yiswa; stiHaqq : impf. yistiHiqq - /tiswa dooxt ..... ir-raas./ It's worth the trouble. /fikirta tistiHiqq it-tajruba./ His ..... ídea is worth trying. wound ... (n, m) jurH (E garH; Ir. jariH) : pl. juruuH (E *guruuH; S also ..... jiraaH) write ... (v perf) katab (Ir. kitab) : impf. yiktib; imprt m E iktab (S ..... ktoob; f. iktabi, S ktibi); vn kitaaba, katb (Ir. also kitba) yawn ... (v perf) (i)ttaawab (Ir. t'thaawab) : impf. yittaawib (yit'thaawub) yellow ... (adj) aSfar : f. Safra, pl. Sufr (Ir. Sufur, Safriin) yes-man ... (n, m) E baSmagi : pl. -yya - the parallel agent noun formation ..... in Ir., /baSmachi/ is "an artisan who hand-prints material" ........... E also hattiif : pl. -a yesterday ... (adv) E imbaariH; S mbaariH, mbarriH, ams; Ir. (i)l-baarHa yet: not yet ... E lissa ma + perf (with neg -sh) ........... S lissaat-[pn suff] maa + perf; lissa ma + perf ........... Ir. ma-[perf] ba9ad yokel, hillbilly ... (n) E abu f(i)leeH, abu f(i)liiH ........... S Diya9i : pl. Diya9iyyeh ........... Ir. m9eedi : pl. mi9daan Yom Kippur ... (pr n, m) 9iid il-ghufraan You bet! ... (id) E bi-tquul fiiha! ti'uul fiiha! ........... S bquSS iidi (iza maa bikuun heek / *previous phrase repeated)! "yours truly", me ... (eq) E maHsuubak (said to m), *maHsuubik (said to f) ~: -- :~